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采用无损检测、化学成分分析、微观检验及能谱分析等方法对某品牌菜刀在刀身(2Cr13)与刀刃(1Cr17+8Cr X+1Cr17复合材料)异种钢焊接处开裂的原因进行了深入分析。结果表明,裂纹出现在异种钢焊缝中,沿纵向焊缝分布。裂纹前端出现大量条状δ铁素体析出物,它的存在显著降低了两侧材料的结合强度,是引起裂纹的主要原因。δ铁素体的析出环境为高碳高铬区的形成,析出温度为1200℃,因此改善焊接工艺是解决刀具裂纹产生的有效措施,具体包括:1使焊缝熔池中的金属成分尽量均匀,避免出现局部的高碳高铬区;2尽量避免焊缝金属在1200℃以上区间保留时间过长。
The causes of cracking of a certain brand kitchen knives on the blade (2Cr13) and the edge of the dissimilar steel (1Cr17 + 8Cr X + 1Cr17 composite) dissimilar steel were analyzed by using nondestructive testing, chemical composition analysis, microscopic examination and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the cracks appear in the dissimilar steel weld, along the longitudinal weld distribution. The presence of a large amount of strip-like δ-ferrite precipitates at the tip of the crack significantly reduces the bond strength between the two materials and is the main cause of the crack. δ ferrite precipitation environment for the formation of high-carbon high-chromium region, the precipitation temperature is 1200 ℃, so to improve the welding process is to solve the tool crack is an effective measure, including: 1 so that weld pool molten metal components as uniform as possible , To avoid the emergence of a partial high-carbon high-chromium region; 2 try to avoid the weld metal in the 1200 ℃ range above the retention time is too long.