改革开放以来，随着现代化建设事业的发展，我国的科学研究事业也日益繁荣发达起来，科学研究成果大量涌现。仅在高等教育研究领域，目前每年出版的著作就达数百部，见诸于报刊杂志的文章就有万篇以上。然而，在这浩如烟海的文字产品中，却隐存着相当数量的垃圾产品，亦可叫做? Since the reform and opening up, with the development of the cause of modernization, China's scientific research has also developed increasingly prosperous, and scientific research has emerged in large quantities. In the field of higher education research alone, hundreds of books are published each year, and there are over 10,000 articles published in newspapers and magazines. However, in this vast collection of text products, there is a considerable amount of rubbish hidden in the product, which can also be called?