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在英语中,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句在句中起名词作用,故把他们统称为名词性从句。用好主从句之间的连词至关重要,也是学好名词性从句的根本所在。以前,我们往往把它们分开教学。学生学习起来容易混淆;如果把这几种从句作为名词性从句这一整体来学习连词,再按照连词分类学习这四种从句,学生就比较容易掌握连词在句中的用法。
如果一个连词在句中能够适应主语从句,那么它同样也使用于名词性从句的其他三种。
名词性从句的连词,可分为以下三类:
一、连接代词
who(whoever),whom(whomever) ,which ,what ,whose等,它们在句中起着连接主语和从句的作用,在从句中做主语,宾语和定语。
①What we need is more time.
②Which team will win the match is still unknown.
③They are just what I shall have.
④The question was who could go there.
⑤I was surprised at what he said.
⑥Please give the book whoever wins the first prize.
⑦I have no idea what he is thinking about.
①②两句阴影部分为主语从句,连接代词what , which 分别在从句中作宾语,定语。
③④两句阴影部分为表语从句,连接代词what , who 分别在从句中作宾语,主语。
⑤⑥两句阴影部分是宾语从句,连接代词what , whoever分别在从句中作宾语和主语。
⑦句阴影部分为同位语从句,what在从句中作宾语。
二、 连接副词
when ,where ,why ,how 等它们在句中起着连接主语和从句的作用,在从句中作状语。
①When they will start has not been decided yet.
②Why he did it wasn’t quite clear.
③That is why he was late.
④That is where he was born.
⑤The teacher asked us how Tom dared do such a thing.
⑥I’d like to know why he came here.
⑦I have no idea when she will be back.
①②两句阴影部分为主语从句。
③④两句阴影部分为表语从句。
⑤⑥两句阴影部分为宾语从句。
⑦句阴影部分为同位语从句。
三、 连接词
when ,whether ,if ,as if ,等,它们在句中起连接主从句的作用。在句中不做成分。
①That she was chosen made us very happy.
② Whether she will come or not is still a question.
③It looked as if was going to snow.
④I heard that he was going to Shanghai.(that在口语中一般可以省略)
⑤He said that the test was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(第二个that一般不可以省略)
⑥We heard the news that our team had won.
① ②两句阴影部分为主语从句,③句阴影部分为表语从句,④⑤两句阴影部分为宾语从句,⑥句阴影部分为同位语从句。
注:(1)在名词性从句中一般用陈述句语序。
(2)which ,that在名词性从句中式连接代词,which在从句中一般作定语。而that一般不作成分,而在定语从句中一般作定语。而that一般不作成份,而在定语从句中它们是关系代词,在从句中作主语或者宾语,要区别清楚。
例:①We have heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.一句中的that从句为说明news这一名词的具体内容的同位语从句。That从句本身的内容,就是news本身的内容,that在从句中只是一个连接词,并不充当从句中某个成分。
② We have heard the news that she told you yesterday.句中的that从句不是对news的内容进行说明,而是对news起着修饰作用,说明是怎样的一个news,所以that从句为一个定语从句,可以看出that在从句中为told 的宾语,而且又代替了其news。
(3)连接词whether和if引出宾语从句时,表示“是否”之意,可以换用,但whether常与or not 或动词不定时连用,if一般不可,此外,whether可用于全句之首,而if则不可。
从个上面的若干例句中我们可以清楚的看到引导名词性从句的连词是互相联系的,我曾在复习名词性从句中做过实验,在甲班的英语课堂上晕哟个了整体教学,在乙班的教学中采用了传统的教法。采用整体教学的班级用了一课时,采用传统教学的班级完成名词性从句的教学总共用了两课时,在测试中,发现甲班对名词性从句掌握远远好于乙班,由于采用整体教学,学生对名词性从句的连词能够整体地系统地学习,通过比较傲能够分清在什么情况下,用什么样的来连词引导什么样的名词性从句,达到了事半功倍的效果。
如果一个连词在句中能够适应主语从句,那么它同样也使用于名词性从句的其他三种。
名词性从句的连词,可分为以下三类:
一、连接代词
who(whoever),whom(whomever) ,which ,what ,whose等,它们在句中起着连接主语和从句的作用,在从句中做主语,宾语和定语。
①What we need is more time.
②Which team will win the match is still unknown.
③They are just what I shall have.
④The question was who could go there.
⑤I was surprised at what he said.
⑥Please give the book whoever wins the first prize.
⑦I have no idea what he is thinking about.
①②两句阴影部分为主语从句,连接代词what , which 分别在从句中作宾语,定语。
③④两句阴影部分为表语从句,连接代词what , who 分别在从句中作宾语,主语。
⑤⑥两句阴影部分是宾语从句,连接代词what , whoever分别在从句中作宾语和主语。
⑦句阴影部分为同位语从句,what在从句中作宾语。
二、 连接副词
when ,where ,why ,how 等它们在句中起着连接主语和从句的作用,在从句中作状语。
①When they will start has not been decided yet.
②Why he did it wasn’t quite clear.
③That is why he was late.
④That is where he was born.
⑤The teacher asked us how Tom dared do such a thing.
⑥I’d like to know why he came here.
⑦I have no idea when she will be back.
①②两句阴影部分为主语从句。
③④两句阴影部分为表语从句。
⑤⑥两句阴影部分为宾语从句。
⑦句阴影部分为同位语从句。
三、 连接词
when ,whether ,if ,as if ,等,它们在句中起连接主从句的作用。在句中不做成分。
①That she was chosen made us very happy.
② Whether she will come or not is still a question.
③It looked as if was going to snow.
④I heard that he was going to Shanghai.(that在口语中一般可以省略)
⑤He said that the test was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(第二个that一般不可以省略)
⑥We heard the news that our team had won.
① ②两句阴影部分为主语从句,③句阴影部分为表语从句,④⑤两句阴影部分为宾语从句,⑥句阴影部分为同位语从句。
注:(1)在名词性从句中一般用陈述句语序。
(2)which ,that在名词性从句中式连接代词,which在从句中一般作定语。而that一般不作成分,而在定语从句中一般作定语。而that一般不作成份,而在定语从句中它们是关系代词,在从句中作主语或者宾语,要区别清楚。
例:①We have heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.一句中的that从句为说明news这一名词的具体内容的同位语从句。That从句本身的内容,就是news本身的内容,that在从句中只是一个连接词,并不充当从句中某个成分。
② We have heard the news that she told you yesterday.句中的that从句不是对news的内容进行说明,而是对news起着修饰作用,说明是怎样的一个news,所以that从句为一个定语从句,可以看出that在从句中为told 的宾语,而且又代替了其news。
(3)连接词whether和if引出宾语从句时,表示“是否”之意,可以换用,但whether常与or not 或动词不定时连用,if一般不可,此外,whether可用于全句之首,而if则不可。
从个上面的若干例句中我们可以清楚的看到引导名词性从句的连词是互相联系的,我曾在复习名词性从句中做过实验,在甲班的英语课堂上晕哟个了整体教学,在乙班的教学中采用了传统的教法。采用整体教学的班级用了一课时,采用传统教学的班级完成名词性从句的教学总共用了两课时,在测试中,发现甲班对名词性从句掌握远远好于乙班,由于采用整体教学,学生对名词性从句的连词能够整体地系统地学习,通过比较傲能够分清在什么情况下,用什么样的来连词引导什么样的名词性从句,达到了事半功倍的效果。