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目的 了解北京市城区与郊区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的发病情况及皮肤过敏原点刺试验的情况。方法 2 0 0 1年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 1月期间 ,采用“国际间儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病的对比研究”的调查方案及标准问卷 ,在北京朝阳区 (城区 )及通州区 (郊区 )按随机整群抽样法 ,共调查了 2 1所中学以 13～ 14岁为主的初一及初二年级的全部学生 70 77名 (城区 35 31名 ,郊区 35 4 6名 ) ;并在参加调查的学生中 ,再随机整群抽样 ,对城区和郊区各 10 0 0名左右的儿童进行 13种常见过敏原的皮肤点刺试验。结果 城区儿童既往喘息发病率为 12 4 %、近 12个月喘息发病率为 7 2 %、近 12个月运动后喘息发病率为 2 5 6 %、近 12个月夜间干咳发病率为 19 3% ;而郊区儿童此 4项调查结果分别为4 5 %、4 3%、12 5 %及 8 3%。城区儿童既往未感冒或着凉时即有打喷嚏、流鼻涕或鼻塞等过敏性鼻炎表现的占 4 6 1% ,近 12个月发生过的占 35 6 % ,有鼻子不适同时伴眼痒流泪的为 10 3% ;郊区学生有这些症状的比例分别是 2 1 3%、12 3%和 3 3%。 13～ 14岁城市儿童过敏性鼻炎的患病率达 8 4 %。以上各种情况患病率北京城区均明显高于郊区 (P <0 0 5 )。城区儿童 13种过敏原皮肤点刺试验阳性率均明显高于郊区儿童 (P <0
Objective To understand the incidence of respiratory allergic diseases in children in urban and suburban areas of Beijing and the skin prick test. Methods From October 2001 to January 2002, the survey and questionnaire survey of “international comparative study on childhood asthma and other allergic diseases” were conducted in Chaoyang District (Beijing) and Tongzhou District (Suburbs) surveyed a total of 70 77 students (35 31 in urban areas and 35 4 6 in rural areas) from 21 secondary schools, aged 13 to 14, based on a random cluster sampling method. A random cluster sampling was conducted among students who participated in the survey. Thirteen common allergens were tested on skin prickles of about 100 children in urban and suburban areas respectively. Results The prevalence of past wheeze was 12.4% in urban area, 72.2% wheezing in the past 12 months, 25.6% wheezing in the past 12 months and 19 3% in the past 12 months %; While the suburbs children’s 4 survey results were 45%, 43%, 125% and 83% respectively. In urban areas, 41.6% of children with allergic rhinitis, 35.6% of them had allergic rhinitis, 35.6% of them had no past cold or had cold, had nose discomfort and itchy eyes and tears at the same time Was 10 3%. The percentage of suburban students with these symptoms was 21.3%, 123% and 33% respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children aged 13-14 years old was 84%. The prevalence of these conditions in all Beijing urban areas were significantly higher than the suburbs (P <0 05). The positive rates of thirteen allergens skin prick tests in urban children were significantly higher than those in suburban children (P <0