论文部分内容阅读
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Best Inspirational Books for Teens
The 6 Most Important Decisions You’ll Ever Make
Also the author of“The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens，”Sean Covey uses his expertise in this book as well， showing teens how to make smart choices regarding the six most important points they’ll face during their teenage years.
He uses real-life stories to show teens how to succeed in school， make good friends， get along with parents， build self-confidence， and more. Besides， Covey uses cartoons to keep teens interested.
Do Your Best Forget the Rest
The teen who loves to doodle（亂写乱画）will probably get pleasure from this motivational coloring book.
Readers can color the background pictures while reading over 30 mottos that provide a little inspiration for everyday life. In this book there are two copies of every picture， so they can be shared. What’s more， coloring has been proven to help decrease stress and increase relaxation， so your teen can get relaxed while using the book.
What Color Is Your Parachute（降落伞）？
Designed to help high school and college students zero in on their favorite skills and find their perfect major or career， the book includes activities and advice on information interviewing， social media， internships， and more.
A school teacher said they bought a copy of this book for each of their students and they find the material helpful and engaging. The Power of Positive Thinking
Making any big decision or getting through any difficult stage of life usually boils down to one thing： thinking positively. This book has sold over five million times thanks to its helpful tips on finding a fulfilling， happy life.
The objectives of the book include getting people to believe in themselves， developing the power to reach their goals， and improving personal relationships.
1. What does Sean Covey use to arouse teens’interest in his book？
A. Motivational mottos. B. Amusing drawings.
C. Real-life stories. D. Personal experiences.
2. Which book should you read if you are choosing your major？
A. What Color Is Your Parachute？
B. Do Your Best Forget the Rest.
C. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens.
D. The 6 Most Important Decisions You’ll Ever Make.
3. What made The Power of Positive Thinking sell in large quantity？
A. Complex plots. B. Affordable price.
C. Beneficial suggestions. D. Powerful personal ties.
B
When you lose something important to you， it can be like trying to find a needle in a haystac（干草堆）. That’s how it was for Loving Bridge when a trip to a clinic turned into a search to find her wallet.
Loving Bridge visited a clinic to pick up a prescription for her mother. She guessed when she was leaving， she dropped her wallet somehow in the parking lot. It had her money， driver’s license and insurance cards. Reality set in when she got home， so she came back up there. Nobody had returned it and she looked high and low in the clinic. David Coghill brought his aunt to the clinic so she could get her prescription. As they were getting back out， he put her in the passenger side of the truck and he walked around the truck and saw a pink purse. Coghill picked up the wallet and tried to find contact information for the owner. He saw the name Loving and her name was on the driver’s license. So， then he followed that name back to her mother.
“Coghill somehow got my mother’s telephone number and called her， and she told me that somebody had found my wallet，”Loving Bridge said. They met up and the wallet was returned–with everything inside. Bridge wanted to take it a step further to show her appreciation.
“I reached out to Channel 12 for your act of kindness， and I wanted to give you this $300 and a gift card to Mexico Restaurant for your act of kindness of finding my wallet and returning it because without that wallet...my whole life was in that wallet，”Bridge said.
David Coghill declined Bridge’s offer， saying“It’s hard to find honest people this day， but I hope everybody does the same thing in life.”
4. Why did Bridge come to the clinic for the second time？
A. To leave her information.
B. To pay for the prescription.
C. To meet with David Coghill.
D. To search for her lost wallet.
5. How did Bridge get her lost wallet？ A. The police helped handed it over to her.
B. The owner was wanted in a TV program.
C. Her mother received it from David Coghill.
D. It was returned to the clinic and they called her.
6. What can we infer about the wallet from what Bridge said in Paragraph 5？
A. It means a lot to her. B. It contains over $300.
C. It is pink and valuable. D. It has insurance cards.
7. Which can be the best title for the text？
A. Gratitude is the best quality.
B. A kind act will be rewarded.
C. The pleasure of doing good.
D. An authentic story of honesty.
C
After waking up feeling groggy（昏昏沉沉的）， the immediate thing for most of us to do is reach for a cup of coffee. While this daily caffeine hit certainly works in lifting your spirits， new research suggests that may not actually improve cognition（認知）， leaving you open to still making errors due to lack of sleep.
The study， involving 276 participants， compared the ability to complete tasks of varying difficulty once while awake， and then once again later when they had either stayed awake all night or gone to sleep. Some of the participants were given a high amount of caffeine（200 milligrams） before completing the second task while others were given a placebo（安慰剂）， and the results were compared to see whether caffeine would cancel the damage from lack of sleep. “We found lack of sleep damaged performance on both types of tasks and that having caffeine helped people successfully achieve the easier task. However， it had little effect on performance on the place-keeping task for most participants，”Professor Kimberly Fenn， one of the study’s authors， said in a statement.“Caffeine may improve the ability to stay awake and attend to a task， but it doesn’t do much to prevent the sort of procedural errors.”
It is currently unclear why lack of sleep impacts cognitive tasks. It is well documented that lack of sleep results in poorer working memory， attention， and decision-making， meaning it is vital for individuals to get their beauty sleep. This is particularly true for doctors， whose long working hours and stressful conditions make it difficult to have adequate sleep for life-threatening operations. Studies have discovered higher death rate during operation after-hours compared to morning operations. The results show that caffeine may not be an effective solution to fighting this， but it could seriously impact the attitude towards quality sleep.
This study doesn’t say that caffeine is useless， however. It was extremely helpful in pushing the participants to complete their tasks and it only looked at a limited set of tasks. It is possible， therefore， that caffeine can help in areas not looked at by the study， but that would require further investigation. 8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The purpose of the study.
B. The procedures of the study.
C. The application of the study.
D. The requirements of the study.
9. Which of the following is the effect of caffeine？
A. It makes up for lack of sleep.
B. It helps avoid the same mistakes.
C. It keeps one awake and focused.
D. It can improve one’s intelligence.
10. Why quality sleep is especially important for doctors？
A. They usually work longer at night.
B. They should set a good example for us.
C. Their health has been ignored for long.
D. Their work directly involves life-security.
11. What does“it”underlined in the last paragraph refer to？
A. The study. B. Caffeine.
C. Quality sleep. D. The attitude to sleep.
D
A robotic arm with a sense of touch has allowed paralyzed（癱痪的）Nathan Copeland to quickly perform tasks like pouring water from one cup into another.
Previous versions of the arm required Copeland to guide the arm using vision alone.“When I only had visual feedback， I could see that the hand had touched the object，”Copeland says. “But sometimes I would go to pick it up and it would fall out.”
“Tactile（触觉的） information is important for using a robotic arm because it’s hard to grasp an object you can’t feel，”says Jennifer Collinger， an associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh.“Even something simple like picking up a cup and trying to maintain the appropriate amount of pressure as you move it to another location， relies a lot on the tactile feedback from your hand，”she says. So Collinger and her team have spent years working with Copeland to add tactile feedback to a robotic arm. He has learned to control the moves of the robotic arm using a brain-computer interface（接口）. The team began by placing electrodes（電极）in an area of Copeland’s brain that processes tactile information. That allowed them to use electrical pulses to excite a range of sensations.“It turned out that exciting in the fingertip-related areas in the brain produced sensations that felt like they were coming from Copeland’s own hand，”Collinger says. Next， the team figured out how to make those signals when the robotic arm made contact with something. The final step was to time Copeland as he performed tasks like picking up a block or pouring water， with and without tactile feedback. The results showed that Copeland could perform some manual tasks roughly as fast as a person using their own hand.
Collinger says， when her own hand touches something，“I feel the pressure， I feel the slip， I feel whether the object is wet or dry， I can feel the texture of it， I know whether it’s rough， whether it’s smooth.”Scientists are just beginning to learn how to make artificial hands and fingers that can detect these subtle features. And as robotic arms provide more tactile feedback， they will become more useful.
12. What is the disadvantage of Nathan Copeland’s former artificial arms？
A. Doing simple tasks.
B. Relying on sight only.
C. Falling apart frequently.
D. Requiring a guide to support.
13. What is the purpose of Collinger’s years of working with Copeland？ A. To control Copeland’s moves.
B. To give his artificial arm sense of touch.
C. To study the root of Copeland’s disability.
D. To compare a robotic arms with a human arm.
14. Why did Collinger’s team put electrodes in Copeland’s brain？
A. To strengthen signals.
B. To receive information.
C. To promote blood circulation.
D. To produce electrical pulses.
15. What is the future of robotic arms？
A. Unstable. B. Worrying.
C. Promising. D. Controversial.
答案與点拨
（A）本文是一篇应用文，向青少年推荐了4本励志书籍。
1. B 信息题。由第二段最后一句“Besides， Covey uses cartoons to keep teens interested.”可知，Covey在书中使用卡通来吸引青少年的阅读兴趣，故选B项。
3. A 信息题。What Color Is Your Parachute？段落中的...and find their perfect major or career可知，选A项。
2. C 信息题。由倒数第二段最后一句“This book has sold over five million times thanks to its helpful tips on finding a fulfilling， happy life.”可知，这本书畅销的主要原因是它提供了寻找幸福生活的建议，故选C项。
（B）本文讲述Loving Bridge去诊所帮母亲拿处方的时候，丢失了自己的钱包，David Coghill发现了这个钱包，通过钱包里面的身份信息联系上了Bridge母亲，归还了这个钱包。
4. D 细节题。由第二段“...she came back up there. Nobody had returned it and she looked high and low in the clinic.”可知，Bridge第二次去这家诊所是为了寻找丢失的钱包，故选D项。
5. C 细节题。由倒数第三段信息可知，Coghill电话联系Bridge的母亲，并和她见面转交钱包，故选C项。
6. A 推断题。由第五段Bridge所说的“because without that wallet ... my whole life was in that wallet”可知，这个钱包对她非常重要，故选A项。
7. D 主旨题。本文讲述了David Coghill发现并主动归还Loving Bridge丢失的一个钱包的故事。体现了Coghill的诚实、善良。故选D项。
（C）本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，咖啡可以提神，但是却不能提高认知能力。
8. B 段意题。第二段介绍了研究的过程，故选B项。
9. C 细节题。由第三段最后一句“Caffeine may improve the ability to stay awake and attend to a task...”可知，C项正确。 10. D 细节题。由第四段“whose long working hours and stressful conditions make it difficult to have adequate sleep for life-threatening operations. Studies have discovered higher death rate during operation after-hours compared to morning operations.”可知，充足的睡眠之所以对医生重要，是因为手术的时候医生的睡眠情况直接关乎病人的生命，故选D项。
11. A 指代题。结合最后一段大意可知，“it”指的是此项研究，故选A项。
（D）本文介绍了科学家通过实验，成功地让机器手臂有了触觉。
12. B 细节题。由第二段第一句“Previous versions of the arm required Copeland to guide the arm using vision alone.”可知，B项正确。
13. B 細节题。由第三段倒数第二句“So Collinger and her team have spent years working with Copeland to add tactile feedback to a robotic arm.”可知，B项正确。
14. D 细节题。由第四段第二句“That allowed them to use electrical pulses to excite a range of sensations.”可知，在Copeland大脑中放置电极的目的是产生能够激活感官的电脉冲。故选D项。
15. C 推断题。由最后一段最后一句“And as robotic arms provide more tactile feedback， they will become more useful.”可知，未来机器手臂会越来越有用。故选C项。
责任编辑 蒋小青
A
Four Best Inspirational Books for Teens
The 6 Most Important Decisions You’ll Ever Make
Also the author of“The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens，”Sean Covey uses his expertise in this book as well， showing teens how to make smart choices regarding the six most important points they’ll face during their teenage years.
He uses real-life stories to show teens how to succeed in school， make good friends， get along with parents， build self-confidence， and more. Besides， Covey uses cartoons to keep teens interested.
Do Your Best Forget the Rest
The teen who loves to doodle（亂写乱画）will probably get pleasure from this motivational coloring book.
Readers can color the background pictures while reading over 30 mottos that provide a little inspiration for everyday life. In this book there are two copies of every picture， so they can be shared. What’s more， coloring has been proven to help decrease stress and increase relaxation， so your teen can get relaxed while using the book.
What Color Is Your Parachute（降落伞）？
Designed to help high school and college students zero in on their favorite skills and find their perfect major or career， the book includes activities and advice on information interviewing， social media， internships， and more.
A school teacher said they bought a copy of this book for each of their students and they find the material helpful and engaging. The Power of Positive Thinking
Making any big decision or getting through any difficult stage of life usually boils down to one thing： thinking positively. This book has sold over five million times thanks to its helpful tips on finding a fulfilling， happy life.
The objectives of the book include getting people to believe in themselves， developing the power to reach their goals， and improving personal relationships.
1. What does Sean Covey use to arouse teens’interest in his book？
A. Motivational mottos. B. Amusing drawings.
C. Real-life stories. D. Personal experiences.
2. Which book should you read if you are choosing your major？
A. What Color Is Your Parachute？
B. Do Your Best Forget the Rest.
C. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens.
D. The 6 Most Important Decisions You’ll Ever Make.
3. What made The Power of Positive Thinking sell in large quantity？
A. Complex plots. B. Affordable price.
C. Beneficial suggestions. D. Powerful personal ties.
B
When you lose something important to you， it can be like trying to find a needle in a haystac（干草堆）. That’s how it was for Loving Bridge when a trip to a clinic turned into a search to find her wallet.
Loving Bridge visited a clinic to pick up a prescription for her mother. She guessed when she was leaving， she dropped her wallet somehow in the parking lot. It had her money， driver’s license and insurance cards. Reality set in when she got home， so she came back up there. Nobody had returned it and she looked high and low in the clinic. David Coghill brought his aunt to the clinic so she could get her prescription. As they were getting back out， he put her in the passenger side of the truck and he walked around the truck and saw a pink purse. Coghill picked up the wallet and tried to find contact information for the owner. He saw the name Loving and her name was on the driver’s license. So， then he followed that name back to her mother.
“Coghill somehow got my mother’s telephone number and called her， and she told me that somebody had found my wallet，”Loving Bridge said. They met up and the wallet was returned–with everything inside. Bridge wanted to take it a step further to show her appreciation.
“I reached out to Channel 12 for your act of kindness， and I wanted to give you this $300 and a gift card to Mexico Restaurant for your act of kindness of finding my wallet and returning it because without that wallet...my whole life was in that wallet，”Bridge said.
David Coghill declined Bridge’s offer， saying“It’s hard to find honest people this day， but I hope everybody does the same thing in life.”
4. Why did Bridge come to the clinic for the second time？
A. To leave her information.
B. To pay for the prescription.
C. To meet with David Coghill.
D. To search for her lost wallet.
5. How did Bridge get her lost wallet？ A. The police helped handed it over to her.
B. The owner was wanted in a TV program.
C. Her mother received it from David Coghill.
D. It was returned to the clinic and they called her.
6. What can we infer about the wallet from what Bridge said in Paragraph 5？
A. It means a lot to her. B. It contains over $300.
C. It is pink and valuable. D. It has insurance cards.
7. Which can be the best title for the text？
A. Gratitude is the best quality.
B. A kind act will be rewarded.
C. The pleasure of doing good.
D. An authentic story of honesty.
C
After waking up feeling groggy（昏昏沉沉的）， the immediate thing for most of us to do is reach for a cup of coffee. While this daily caffeine hit certainly works in lifting your spirits， new research suggests that may not actually improve cognition（認知）， leaving you open to still making errors due to lack of sleep.
The study， involving 276 participants， compared the ability to complete tasks of varying difficulty once while awake， and then once again later when they had either stayed awake all night or gone to sleep. Some of the participants were given a high amount of caffeine（200 milligrams） before completing the second task while others were given a placebo（安慰剂）， and the results were compared to see whether caffeine would cancel the damage from lack of sleep. “We found lack of sleep damaged performance on both types of tasks and that having caffeine helped people successfully achieve the easier task. However， it had little effect on performance on the place-keeping task for most participants，”Professor Kimberly Fenn， one of the study’s authors， said in a statement.“Caffeine may improve the ability to stay awake and attend to a task， but it doesn’t do much to prevent the sort of procedural errors.”
It is currently unclear why lack of sleep impacts cognitive tasks. It is well documented that lack of sleep results in poorer working memory， attention， and decision-making， meaning it is vital for individuals to get their beauty sleep. This is particularly true for doctors， whose long working hours and stressful conditions make it difficult to have adequate sleep for life-threatening operations. Studies have discovered higher death rate during operation after-hours compared to morning operations. The results show that caffeine may not be an effective solution to fighting this， but it could seriously impact the attitude towards quality sleep.
This study doesn’t say that caffeine is useless， however. It was extremely helpful in pushing the participants to complete their tasks and it only looked at a limited set of tasks. It is possible， therefore， that caffeine can help in areas not looked at by the study， but that would require further investigation. 8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The purpose of the study.
B. The procedures of the study.
C. The application of the study.
D. The requirements of the study.
9. Which of the following is the effect of caffeine？
A. It makes up for lack of sleep.
B. It helps avoid the same mistakes.
C. It keeps one awake and focused.
D. It can improve one’s intelligence.
10. Why quality sleep is especially important for doctors？
A. They usually work longer at night.
B. They should set a good example for us.
C. Their health has been ignored for long.
D. Their work directly involves life-security.
11. What does“it”underlined in the last paragraph refer to？
A. The study. B. Caffeine.
C. Quality sleep. D. The attitude to sleep.
D
A robotic arm with a sense of touch has allowed paralyzed（癱痪的）Nathan Copeland to quickly perform tasks like pouring water from one cup into another.
Previous versions of the arm required Copeland to guide the arm using vision alone.“When I only had visual feedback， I could see that the hand had touched the object，”Copeland says. “But sometimes I would go to pick it up and it would fall out.”
“Tactile（触觉的） information is important for using a robotic arm because it’s hard to grasp an object you can’t feel，”says Jennifer Collinger， an associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh.“Even something simple like picking up a cup and trying to maintain the appropriate amount of pressure as you move it to another location， relies a lot on the tactile feedback from your hand，”she says. So Collinger and her team have spent years working with Copeland to add tactile feedback to a robotic arm. He has learned to control the moves of the robotic arm using a brain-computer interface（接口）. The team began by placing electrodes（電极）in an area of Copeland’s brain that processes tactile information. That allowed them to use electrical pulses to excite a range of sensations.“It turned out that exciting in the fingertip-related areas in the brain produced sensations that felt like they were coming from Copeland’s own hand，”Collinger says. Next， the team figured out how to make those signals when the robotic arm made contact with something. The final step was to time Copeland as he performed tasks like picking up a block or pouring water， with and without tactile feedback. The results showed that Copeland could perform some manual tasks roughly as fast as a person using their own hand.
Collinger says， when her own hand touches something，“I feel the pressure， I feel the slip， I feel whether the object is wet or dry， I can feel the texture of it， I know whether it’s rough， whether it’s smooth.”Scientists are just beginning to learn how to make artificial hands and fingers that can detect these subtle features. And as robotic arms provide more tactile feedback， they will become more useful.
12. What is the disadvantage of Nathan Copeland’s former artificial arms？
A. Doing simple tasks.
B. Relying on sight only.
C. Falling apart frequently.
D. Requiring a guide to support.
13. What is the purpose of Collinger’s years of working with Copeland？ A. To control Copeland’s moves.
B. To give his artificial arm sense of touch.
C. To study the root of Copeland’s disability.
D. To compare a robotic arms with a human arm.
14. Why did Collinger’s team put electrodes in Copeland’s brain？
A. To strengthen signals.
B. To receive information.
C. To promote blood circulation.
D. To produce electrical pulses.
15. What is the future of robotic arms？
A. Unstable. B. Worrying.
C. Promising. D. Controversial.
答案與点拨
（A）本文是一篇应用文，向青少年推荐了4本励志书籍。
1. B 信息题。由第二段最后一句“Besides， Covey uses cartoons to keep teens interested.”可知，Covey在书中使用卡通来吸引青少年的阅读兴趣，故选B项。
3. A 信息题。What Color Is Your Parachute？段落中的...and find their perfect major or career可知，选A项。
2. C 信息题。由倒数第二段最后一句“This book has sold over five million times thanks to its helpful tips on finding a fulfilling， happy life.”可知，这本书畅销的主要原因是它提供了寻找幸福生活的建议，故选C项。
（B）本文讲述Loving Bridge去诊所帮母亲拿处方的时候，丢失了自己的钱包，David Coghill发现了这个钱包，通过钱包里面的身份信息联系上了Bridge母亲，归还了这个钱包。
4. D 细节题。由第二段“...she came back up there. Nobody had returned it and she looked high and low in the clinic.”可知，Bridge第二次去这家诊所是为了寻找丢失的钱包，故选D项。
5. C 细节题。由倒数第三段信息可知，Coghill电话联系Bridge的母亲，并和她见面转交钱包，故选C项。
6. A 推断题。由第五段Bridge所说的“because without that wallet ... my whole life was in that wallet”可知，这个钱包对她非常重要，故选A项。
7. D 主旨题。本文讲述了David Coghill发现并主动归还Loving Bridge丢失的一个钱包的故事。体现了Coghill的诚实、善良。故选D项。
（C）本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，咖啡可以提神，但是却不能提高认知能力。
8. B 段意题。第二段介绍了研究的过程，故选B项。
9. C 细节题。由第三段最后一句“Caffeine may improve the ability to stay awake and attend to a task...”可知，C项正确。 10. D 细节题。由第四段“whose long working hours and stressful conditions make it difficult to have adequate sleep for life-threatening operations. Studies have discovered higher death rate during operation after-hours compared to morning operations.”可知，充足的睡眠之所以对医生重要，是因为手术的时候医生的睡眠情况直接关乎病人的生命，故选D项。
11. A 指代题。结合最后一段大意可知，“it”指的是此项研究，故选A项。
（D）本文介绍了科学家通过实验，成功地让机器手臂有了触觉。
12. B 细节题。由第二段第一句“Previous versions of the arm required Copeland to guide the arm using vision alone.”可知，B项正确。
13. B 細节题。由第三段倒数第二句“So Collinger and her team have spent years working with Copeland to add tactile feedback to a robotic arm.”可知，B项正确。
14. D 细节题。由第四段第二句“That allowed them to use electrical pulses to excite a range of sensations.”可知，在Copeland大脑中放置电极的目的是产生能够激活感官的电脉冲。故选D项。
15. C 推断题。由最后一段最后一句“And as robotic arms provide more tactile feedback， they will become more useful.”可知，未来机器手臂会越来越有用。故选C项。
责任编辑 蒋小青