Angiogenesis has a critical role in primary tumor growth and the development of metastases.Several angiogenesis inhibitors were recently developed,being a very attractive target for digestive tumor therapy.However,individualized therapy should not only be based on the pre-treatment imaging evaluation,but also on sensitive monitoring of microvascular changes during treatment.State-of-theart imaging techniques have the potential to visualize and characterize angiogenesis,although the technology and methodologies employed are recent and need further validation.The aim of this series of reviews was to analyze and enhance current knowledge and future perspectives about the real-time assessment of angiogenesis in digestive cancers,used for the longitudinal monitoring of the effects of chemo-radiotherapy(including anti-angiogenic therapies),as well as for the precise targeting of drugs through molecular-based drug-delivery systems. Angiogenesis has a critical role in primary tumor growth and the development of metastases. Several angiogenesis inhibitors were recently developed, being a very attractive target for digestive tumor therapy. Although, individualized therapy should not only be based on the pre-treatment imaging evaluation, but also on sensitive monitoring of microvascular changes during treatment. State-of-theart imaging techniques have the potential to visualize and characterize angiogenesis, although the technology and methodologies employed are recent and need further verified. The aim of this series of reviews was to analyze and enhance current knowledge and future perspectives about the real-time assessment of angiogenesis in digestive cancers, used for the longitudinal monitoring of the effects of chemo-radiotherapy (including anti-angiogenic therapies), as well as for the precise targeting of drugs through molecular- based drug-delivery systems.