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远在十五世纪末欧洲人发现美洲这块“新大陆”之前,美洲的印第安人已创造了灿烂的文化。印第安人分有许多民族,在前后大约二千年的文化中,突出的有中美洲的马雅文化、托尔特克文化和阿兹特克文化,以及南美洲的印加文化。处于这些文化时期的城市建设已有相当规模,如今墨西哥城地下,就是数百年前阿兹特克王国的都城铁诺第兰城,相传有居民十万,城内街道宽广,绿树成荫,市场繁荣。又如今秘鲁内地山区中的马丘比丘城,城内住房、庙宇、作坊、堡垒等依然可辨,布局完整。至于古代美洲许多金字塔建筑群的壮观形象和石砌技术,以及建筑物上丰富的雕刻,更直接地反映了当时的建筑水平和文化水平。这些文化尽管自十六世纪后遭受了殖民者的摧残破坏而中断,但劫后余存的极少数遗迹仍闪耀着光芒,并影响着现代的拉美文化和建筑艺术。有些废墟几百年来己湮没在荒芜丛林中,以至迄今还时有发现。
Far before the end of the fifteenth century when the Europeans discovered the “New World,” the American Indians had created a splendid culture. The Indians are divided into many ethnic groups. In the culture of about 2,000 years ago, there are prominent Mayan cultures, Toltec cultures and Aztec cultures in Central America, and Inca cultures in South America. Urban construction in these cultural periods is quite large. Today, it is underground in the city of Mexico. It was centuries ago in the capital city of the Aztecs, the city of Chernobyl. According to legend, there are 100,000 inhabitants, and the city’s streets are wide and green. Market prosperity. Nowadays, in the Machu Picchu City in the mountains of the interior of Peru, the houses, temples, workshops, and fortresses in the city are still identifiable and complete. As for the spectacular image and stonework techniques of many pyramid buildings in the ancient America, and the rich sculptures on the buildings, it directly reflects the architectural level and cultural level at that time. Although these cultures have been interrupted by the destruction of the colonialists since the sixteenth century, a handful of remnants remaining after the robbery still shine, affecting modern Latin American culture and architectural art. Some ruins have not been found in deserted forests for centuries, and so far have been discovered.