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批判理论一般来说具有双重理论任务,一是批判性地阐明20世纪巨大的社会历史变迁,二是自反性地将现代性批判奠基于特定的具体历史语境。本文在充分反思20世纪资本主义社会大规模结构化转型的基础上,从宏观上图绘了自卢卡奇、霍克海默、马尔库塞到哈贝马斯等人批判理论发展的总体历史轨迹、内在逻辑线索与隐性理论悖结。作者指认,由于以往的批判理论不自觉地保留了传统马克思主义的某些预设前提,因而削弱了其理论的充足性与自反性,以致无法完成上述两大任务。现在亟需建构一种更新的后自由主义社会批判理论,在透视社会内在矛盾的基础上,以一种历史的自反性方式充分地阐明现代化的社会转型过程、历史动力机制以及未来可能的替代方案。
Critical theory in general has a dual theoretical task. The first is to critically elucidate the tremendous social and historical changes of the 20th century. The second is to refute the critique of modernity in a specific historical context. On the basis of fully reflecting the large-scale structural transformation of capitalist society in the 20th century, this article macroscopically depicts the overall historical trajectory of the development of critical theories from Lukacs, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Habermas and others , Internal logic clues and hidden theory contrary to the knot. The author has pointed out that since the previous critical theory unconsciously preserved some of the preconditions of traditional Marxism, the adequacy and reflexivity of its theory were weakened, which made it impossible to accomplish the above two tasks. There is an urgent need to construct a newer post-liberalism theory of social critique. Based on the perspective of internal contradictions in society, we can fully clarify the process of social transformation, historical motivation and possible future substitution in a historical reflexive way Program.