气道的神经源性炎症与哮喘的发病机制日益受到重视。现认为感觉神经肽是气道非胆碱能兴奋性神经的重要递质，当气道上皮损伤后，由气道无髓鞘感觉神经通过轴突反射机制释放。目前研究较多且与哮喘关系密切的感觉神经肽有Ｐ物质、神经激肽Ａ、神经激肽Ｂ、降钙素基因相关肽等。感觉神经肽主要通过收缩气道平滑肌、增加气道黏膜血浆外渗、促进粘液高分泌、促进炎症介质释放、加重气道高反应性等作用参与哮喘的病理生理过程。影响感觉神经肽释放的因素很多，不少感觉神经肽受体拮抗剂已相继问世，对其研究和开发将为哮喘的治疗开辟新的途径。 Airway neurogenic inflammation and the pathogenesis of asthma are increasingly valued. It is thought that neuropeptide is an important neurotransmitter of airway non-cholinergic excitatory nerves. After airway epithelium injury, airway myelinated sensory nerves are released through axon reflex mechanism. Currently more research and the relationship between asthma and sensory neuropeptide substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, calcitonin gene-related peptide. The neuropeptide is involved in the pathophysiological process of asthma mainly through contraction of airway smooth muscle, increase of extravasation of airway mucosa, promotion of mucus hypersecretion, release of inflammatory mediators and aggravation of airway hyperresponsiveness. There are many factors that affect the release of sensory neuropeptide. Many neuropeptide receptor antagonists have come out one after another, and their research and development will open up new avenues for the treatment of asthma.