一、表面科学的研究对象与研究方法表面是普遍存在的,固体与气体、固体与液体、固体与固体都存在着表面和界面。它们是一个特殊的相,与体内性质不同,并决定着表面附近发生的物理、化学过程,有时还深刻地影响着体内的各种特性。表面科学就是研究固体最外表几个原子层或吸附原子、分子及薄膜的特性。这包括表面化学组份、原子排列、晶格振动、扩散与相变、电子和自旋在空间和能态中的分布状态及表 First, the surface science of research objects and research methods surface is ubiquitous, solid and gas, solid and liquid, solid and solid are the existence of the surface and interface. They are a special phase that is different from the one in the body and that determines the physical and chemical processes that take place near the surface, sometimes profoundly affecting the various characteristics of the body. Surface science is the study of solid outermost layers of several atoms or adsorption of atoms, molecules and thin film characteristics. This includes the surface chemical composition, atomic arrangement, lattice vibration, diffusion and phase transition, the distribution of electrons and spins in space and energy states and the table