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脑血管病目前已经成为威胁国人健康的第一大疾病。细胞外囊泡可运载多种物质如微小RNA，在脑血管病的病理过程中起着重要作用。近年来细胞外囊泡及其运载的微小RNA在脑血管病领域的研究主要集中在对疾病动物模型的保护作用、病理过程的干预影响及新型分子标志物的探索等方面。笔者现围绕这3方面对细胞外囊泡在脑血管病中的研究进展进行综述，以期为脑血管病的早期预防及治疗提供新的思路和方向。“,”Cerebral vascular disease has already become the first threat to Chinese people. Extracellular vesicles deliver multiple substances as microRNAs, and play roles in pathological processes of cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs researches mainly focus on the protection of animal models, intervention of pathological processes and new biomarker researches. We summarize the research progress of extracellular vesicles in cerebrovascular disease from the above three aspects to provide new points and directions for early prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease.