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目的了解高州地区麻疹的发病特点和流行规律,为消除麻疹提供理论依据。方法收集高州市人民医院2012年1月至2013年8月感染内科收治住院的154例麻疹患者,对资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果麻疹病例主要集中在8月龄至6岁,共127例(82.42%)。8~12月龄为麻疹高发年龄段,共79例(51.29%),与其他年龄段相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其次为1~6岁,共48例(31.17%)。高发季节为4~7月,共100例(64.96%);最高为4月,共32例(20.78%);最低为12月,共3例(1.95%)。流动人口发病率(64.94%)高于常住人口(35.06%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出现并发症共49例,约占31.82%,其中肝损害9例(18.38%)。结论麻疹有向低龄化发病趋势,成人麻疹患者易出现肝损害,医院要加强防控措施,提高麻疹疫苗强化免疫接种率,控制麻疹疫情院内感染。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic patterns of measles in Gaozhou and provide a theoretical basis for the elimination of measles. Methods A total of 154 measles patients who admitted to hospital from January 2012 to August 2013 in Gaozhou People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results Measles cases mainly concentrated in 8 months to 6 years old, a total of 127 cases (82.42%). There were 79 (51.29%) cases of measles in the age range of 8-12 months, with statistical significance (P <0.05) compared with other age groups, followed by 1 ~ 6 years old, a total of 48 cases (31.17% ). The high incidence season was from April to July, a total of 100 cases (64.96%); up to April, a total of 32 cases (20.78%); the lowest for December, a total of 3 cases (1.95%). The incidence of floating population (64.94%) was higher than that of resident population (35.06%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). A total of 49 cases of complications, accounting for 31.82%, of which 9 cases of liver damage (18.38%). Conclusion The incidence of measles tends to be younger, and liver damage is more likely to occur in adult measles patients. The hospital should step up prevention and control measures to improve the measles vaccine-boosted immunization rate and control the infection in the measles epidemic area.