一、引言电离作用常用于测量放射性的特性,检测放射性有四种非常重要的方法:(a)测量气体中产生的电离(电离室和盖革一弥勒计数器);(b)测量固体中产生的电离(半导体探测器);(c)测量闪烁体中产生的荧光(固体闪烁计数器和液体闪烁计数器);(d)测量摄影用的感光乳胶的致黑度(射线自显影术和粒子径迹探测器)。前三种方法要求外加电子仪器来放大和分析在探测器中产生的微弱 I. INTRODUCTION Ionization is commonly used to measure radioactive properties. There are four very important ways to detect radioactivity: (a) to measure ionization (ionization chamber and Geiger-Melaleuca counter) in a gas; (b) to measure Ionization (semiconductor detector); (c) measurement of the fluorescence generated in the scintillator (solid scintillation counter and liquid scintillation counter); (d) measurement of the degree of blackening of the photographic emulsion (radiographic and particle track detection Device). The first three methods require the addition of an electronic instrument to amplify and analyze the faintness generated in the detector