安乐死(Eufhanasia)是目前在国内外讨论最为热烈的医学伦理学问题之一。不少西方学者都积极主张对处于垂危、十分痛苦而又缺乏有效抢救措施的病人实施安乐死;国内也有不少人提出相似看法。我国是社会主义国家。如何运用马克思主义的理论来指导我们正确地评价安乐死,不仅对于创建具有中国特色的社会主义的医学伦理学有较为重要的意义,而且对发展危重急症抢救的理论和实践亦有较大的影响。主张提倡安乐死的学者所提出的主要理由是:“安乐死在道德上的可容许性是符合病人本身的利益”,“符合人道主义原则”。为了弄清楚这一问题,我们有必要研究一下什么是马克思主义的道德观。根据马列主义经典作家们的论述,道德乃是一种特定的意识形态,是属于社会上层建筑的现象。道德和法律一样,都是一定社会的经济、政治、文化的发展所要求于人们的行为规范。但道德规范和法律不同,它不 Eufhanasia is one of the most heated medical ethics issues currently discussed at home and abroad. Many Western scholars have actively advocated the euthanasia of patients who are in jeopardy, very painful, and lack effective rescue measures; many people in China have put forward similar views. Our country is a socialist country. How to use Marxist theory to guide us to properly evaluate euthanasia is of great significance not only to the creation of socialist medical ethics with Chinese characteristics, but also to the development of critical emergency treatment theory and practice. The main reason proposed by scholars advocating euthanasia is: “The moral tolerability of euthanasia is in accordance with the interests of the patient” and “consistent with the humanitarian principles.” In order to clarify this issue, it is necessary for us to study what is Marxist morality. According to Marxist-Leninist classic writers, morality is a specific ideology that belongs to the phenomenon of social superstructure. Morality, like law, is a behavioral norm that people in certain social economic, political, and cultural developments require. But ethics and laws are different, it’s not