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本实验采用自制臂长为1.10m的迈克耳孙干涉仪,以波长为6328(?)的氦氖激光器做光源,配合读数显微镜测量干涉条纹的移动量,做迈克耳孙一莫雷实验。实验结果证明:“以太漂移速率”的上限为9.5km/s。与迈克耳孙在1881年用臂长为1.20m干涉仪所测出“以太漂移速度”的上限21.2km/s相比较,本实验精度有所提高,从而由一个方面否定了“以太”学说,为狭义相对论提供了实验依据。因此,本实验对学生学习狭义相对论是会有收益的。该实验装置简便,容易实现。
In this experiment, a Michelson interferometer with a self-made arm length of 1.10m was used as a light source with a HeNe laser with a wavelength of 6328 (?), And the amount of interference fringe movement was measured with a reading microscope to perform a Michelson-Moritz experiment. Experimental results show that the upper limit of “ether drift rate” is 9.5km / s. Compared with the upper limit of the “ether drift velocity” measured by Michelson in 1881 using an arm length of 1.20m interferometer, 21.2km / s, the accuracy of this experiment has been improved, thus denying the “ether” theory from one aspect, It provides the experimental basis for the special theory of relativity. Therefore, this experiment will benefit students to learn the special theory of relativity. The experimental device is simple and easy to implement.