一、前言随着通讯、雷达、计算机、遥控遥测和导弹制导等电子技术的迅猛发展,其组成日益复杂化;使用环境的日益严酷,装配密度的日益加大,而且研制、生产和维修使用费用又要求尽可能的小。于是,现代技术在设备日趋复杂,精度越来越高的情况下,如果不专门采取提高可靠性的技术措施,则其可靠性就会越来越低,以至根本无法正常工作。因此任何一项工程设计都必须把可靠性做为一个重要因素来加以考虑。而且可靠性指标可以与产品的性能指标相提并论。当前,可靠性理论及其应用技术已成为每个工程技术人员,尤其是产品设计师们所必须掌握的一项基本技能。华罗庚教授对研究可靠性问题做了精辟的分析。他指出:“在研究一个大而复杂的系统 I. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of electronic technologies such as communications, radar, computer, telemetry and missile guidance, its composition is becoming more and more complicated. The use environment is harsh and the assembly density is increasing day by day. Moreover, the development, production and maintenance costs Also asked as small as possible. As a result, in the increasingly complex and increasingly sophisticated equipment, modern technologies are less reliable and less reliable if they are not specifically tailored to the technical measures to improve reliability. Therefore, any engineering design must take reliability as an important factor to consider. And the reliability index can be compared with the performance index of the product. At present, reliability theory and its application technology have become a basic skill that every engineer, especially the product designer must master. Professor Hua Luogeng made a penetrating analysis of the reliability of the study. He pointed out: "studying a large and complex system