弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒(Frederick Winslow Taylor,1856-1915年),美国古典管理学家,被后世称为“科学管理之父”。他提出的“科学管理”理论是建立在三大实验基础上的,其中之一就是著名的铁铲实验。1 898年,泰勒在美国的伯利恒钢铁公司进行铁铲实验。当时他发现,不管是铲取铁石还是搬运煤炭,工人都使用铁铲,起用的搬运工动辄就有五六百名。而优秀的搬运工一般不愿使用公司发放的铁铲,宁愿使用自己的。泰 Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), American classical management scientist, later known as the “father of scientific management.” His theory of “scientific management” is based on three major experiments, one of which is the famous shovel experiment. In 1989, Taylor conducted a shovel experiment at Bethlehem Steel in the United States. At that time, he found that workers used shovels no matter whether they were shoveling or transporting coal, and that there were 500 to 600 porters in use. Excellent porters are generally reluctant to use the shovels the company distributes and prefer to use their own. Thai