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全世界可耕地面积约为现有耕地面积的两倍,但预计到1985年,耕地面积最多能扩大10％,主要限于南美洲和澳洲,而且垦荒与灌溉需要庞大的能源。因此,目前不可能靠扩大耕地面积来解决粮食增产问题。扩大粮食生产的基础资源——土、水、能、肥,目前都不算富裕。为了解决粮食问题,必须对粮食生产技术进行根本性的改革。 美国科学院根据福特总统1974年12月3日的要求,于1975年11月10日提出题为《世界粮食与营养的研究——提高美国粮食生产》的报告。报告中非常重视光合作用,生物固氮,利用比种间或属间更远的亲缘关系,通过遗传育种法培育新品种的技术。现简介如下:
The area of arable land around the world is about twice the existing arable land, but it is estimated that up to 10 per cent of arable land could be expanded by 1985, mainly in South America and Australia, and reclamation and irrigation require huge amounts of energy. Therefore, it is not possible at present to solve the problem of increasing grain output by expanding the cultivated area. The basic resources for expanding food production - soil, water, energy and fertilizer - are not rich at the moment. In order to solve the food problem, we must make a fundamental reform of food production technology. The American Academy of Sciences, based on the request of President Ford on December 3, 1974, presented a report entitled “World Food and Nutrition Research - Improving U.S. Food Production” on November 10, 1975. The report attaches great importance to photosynthesis, biological nitrogen fixation, the use of more distant than the interspecific or interrelated kinship, genetic breeding by breeding new varieties of technology. The brief introduction is as follows: