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本文由四部分组成。第一部分简单回顾了有关断裂的主要概念,如锯齿状断裂的形成、全球性断裂网格、断裂与断块的深度分类、三种断裂体系和五种断裂活动方式、褶皱对断裂的控制等。在此基础上,第二部分论述裂谷的特点。如全球性裂谷系的方向、裂谷在平面上的锯齿状或雁行状展布、裂堑在陆壳向洋壳转化中的意义、裂谷的发育方式等,着重阐明了断块构造学说对裂谷分类和裂谷形成机制等问题的看法。第三部分探讨裂谷中的矿产在空间和时间上的发育特点、裂堑和裂谷中的主要内生金属矿产,裂谷沉积剖面的二元结构及裂谷中的沉积矿产。最后一部分简单介绍了攀西裂谷的现有认识,包括该裂谷发育的大地构造背景及在南北向裂谷系中的位置,裂谷中的火山岩,侵入岩和沉积岩的特征及与奥斯陆裂谷岩浆事件的对比,裂谷区的地壳厚度变化等,在此基础上综合提出了裂谷的两阶段演化模式。
This article consists of four parts. The first part briefly reviews the main concepts related to fracture, such as the formation of zigzag faults, the global fracture grids, the depth classification of faults and fault blocks, three fault systems and five fault activities, and the control of faults by folds. On this basis, the second part discusses the characteristics of Rift Valley. Such as the direction of the global rift system, the zigzag or geese distribution in the plane of the rift, the significance of the division of the crust in the conversion of the continental crust to the oceanic crust, and the development pattern of the rift emphatically elucidate the theory of fault block tectonics, Valley classification and rifting formation mechanism and other issues. The third part discusses the spatial and temporal development characteristics of the minerals in the rift valley, the main endogenous metal minerals in the fissures and rifts, the binary structure of the rift sedimentary section and the sedimentary minerals in the rift. The last part briefly introduces the existing understanding of the Panxi Rift, including the tectonic setting of the rift and its location in the north-south rift system, the characteristics of volcanic rocks, intrusive rocks and sedimentary rocks in the rift valley and its relationship with the Oslo rift Magmatic events, and crustal thickness changes in the rift area. Based on this, a two-stage evolutionary model of rifting is proposed.