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目的分析北京市海淀区居民传染病健康素养水平及其影响因素,为制定传染病防控策略提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法对海淀区18岁以上居民进行抽样和现场问卷调查,应用非条件logistic回归分析传染病健康素养影响因素。结果共发放并回收问卷1 200份,删除无效问卷112份,回收有效问卷1 088份。北京市海淀区居民具备传染病健康素养的比例为7.7%。男性和女性、不同婚姻状况具备传染病健康素养的比例差异无统计学意义(P=0.112、0.339)。居民具备传染病健康素养的比例随年龄增加而下降(χ~2=25.990,P<0.01),随文化程度的增加而升高(χ~2=28.537,P<0.01)。不同职业人群、城区和农村居民、自我感知的不同身体状况人群具备传染病健康素养的比例不同,医务人员(22.2%)、城区居民(9.4%)、自我感知身体状况很好的人群(11.0%)具备传染病健康素养的比例较高。结论北京市海淀区居民传染病健康素养总体水平较低,年龄、文化程度、职业和地区是居民传染病健康素养水平影响因素,老年人、文化程度低者、生产及运输工人、农民工、家务及待业人群传染病健康素养总体水平更低,在今后的健康教育和健康促进工作中应将这部分人群作为重点宣教对象,采取有效的干预措施。
Objective To analyze the health literacy level of infectious diseases among residents in Haidian District, Beijing and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for infectious diseases. Methods A multistage random sampling method was used to sample and survey the residents above 18 years old in Haidian District. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy of infectious diseases. Results A total of 1 200 questionnaires were distributed and recovered, 112 invalid questionnaires were deleted and 1 088 valid questionnaires were recovered. Haidian District, Beijing residents with health literacy rate of 7.7%. There was no significant difference in the proportion of males and females with different marital status with infectious diseases (P = 0.112,0.339). The proportion of residents with health literacy of infectious diseases decreased with age (χ ~ 2 = 25.990, P <0.01), and increased with educational level (χ ~ 2 = 28.537, P <0.01). Different occupational groups, urban and rural residents, self-aware groups of people with different physical conditions have different proportions of health literacy of infectious diseases. Medical staff (22.2%), urban residents (9.4%), self-perceived good health status (11.0% ) Have a higher proportion of health literacy of infectious diseases. Conclusion The overall level of health literacy of infectious diseases among residents in Haidian District of Beijing is relatively low. Age, education level, occupation and area are the influencing factors for the health literacy level of residents with infectious diseases. The elderly, people with low educational attainment, production and transport workers, migrant workers, housework And unemployed population infectious disease health literacy lower overall level, in the future health education and health promotion work should be part of the population as a key mission, to take effective interventions.