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目的探讨敬老院人群长期食用富钾低钠盐对摄盐量的影响。方法 2011年11月~2012年9月选取河北、内蒙古、山西、山东4省和北京市8个地区的31家敬老院,以地区和敬老院为单位,按简单整群随机方法分为对照组和干预组,干预组食用富钾低钠盐(KCl:Na Cl=1:1),对照组食用普通盐。对入选人群以及敬老院工作人员进行限盐对降低血压益处的健康宣教。在基线和食用盐干预24~31个月及48个月时,对敬老院食堂工作人员进行问卷调查,计算平均每人每天摄盐量。基线和48个月时收集随机点尿,检测尿电解质,计算尿钠钾比值。结果基线时人均每日盐摄入量对照组为(12.86±4.80)g,干预组为(12.58±2.85)g。24~31个月随访时,调查资料完整的1211例,对照组497例,干预组714例。48个月随访时,资料完整2153例,对照组1118例,干预组1035例。干预组随访时较基线人均每日盐摄入量明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。干预组随访时人均每日盐摄入量较对照组下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。基线时,对照组(1309例)随机尿钠钾比值为(7.86±4.43),干预组(933例)为(8.22±4.92)。48个月随访时:对照组(497例)钠钾比值为(4.21±2.27),干预组(714例)为(2.46±1.71),干预组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与基线时比较,48个月随访时两组随机尿钠钾比值均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。48个月随访时,与对照组比较,干预组钠钾比值下降(4.21±2.27)vs.(2.46±1.71),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论敬老院人群长期食用富钾低钠盐是限制盐摄入量的有效措施。但本研究人数变动较大,仍需进一步研究证实。
Objective To investigate the effects of long-term consumption of potassium-rich and low-sodium salts on salt intake of nursing home residents. Methods From November 2011 to September 2012, 31 nursing home homes in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Shandong provinces and 8 districts in Beijing were selected and divided into control group and intervention group Group, the intervention group consumed potassium-rich sodium salt (KCl: NaCl = 1: 1), the control group consumed ordinary salt. A healthy mission education on the selected population and nursing home staff to limit salt and blood pressure. At the baseline and edible salt interventions for 24-31 months and 48 months, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the canteen staff in the nursing home to calculate the average salt intake per person per day. At baseline and at 48 months, random urine collection was performed, urinary electrolytes were measured, and urine sodium-potassium ratio was calculated. Results At baseline, per capita daily salt intake was (12.86 ± 4.80) g in the control group and (12.58 ± 2.85) g in the intervention group. At 24-31 months of follow-up, there were 1211 complete questionnaires, 497 cases in the control group and 714 cases in the intervention group. At 48 months of follow-up, there were 2153 cases of complete data, 1118 cases of control group and 1035 cases of intervention group. The daily salt intake per capita in intervention group was significantly lower than that of baseline (P <0.05). Per capita daily salt intake in intervention group was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.05). At baseline, the randomized natriuretic and potassium ratio was (7.86 ± 4.43) in the control group (1309 patients) and (8.22 ± 4.92) in the intervention group (933 patients). At 48 months of follow-up, the sodium-potassium ratio in the control group (497 patients) was (4.21 ± 2.27) and in the intervention group (714 patients) was (2.46 ± 1.71), significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P <0.05). Compared with baseline, the randomized natriuretic and potassium ratio decreased significantly at 48 months of follow-up, with significant difference (P <0.05). At 48 months of follow-up, the sodium-potassium ratio decreased by 4.21 ± 2.27 vs. 2.46 ± 1.71 in the intervention group, with a significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion Long-term consumption of potassium-rich and low-sodium salt in the nursing home population is an effective measure to limit salt intake. However, the number of people in this study fluctuates greatly and needs further study to confirm.