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2007年中国R&D经费中70.4%来源于企业,而且R&D经费的支出72.3%在企业,与欧美等国相比差别不大,实际上从2005年开始情况就基本如此,单从数据上看应该说企业已经是中国研发活动的主体,但为什么中国科研成果的转换率、企业的科技竞争力、科技对经济的贡献率仍不理想呢?成果转换率低是中国科技活动中一个长期存在的问题。企业研发主要应该产生专利,但中国专利的绝对数量和质量与世界先进国家还有较大差距,2007年国内发明专利的申请量和授权量所占比重分别为26.1%和10.6%,其中还有一些属于非职务发明;反观国外,日本2004年国内的发明专利的申请占到当年申请总量的89.7%,韩国2005年的国内发明专利的申请占到当年申请总量的65.7%。我国近期科技进步对经济的贡献率在50%左右,美国、日本等发达国家近期的科技进步贡献率多超过70%。
In 2007, 70.4% of China’s R & D expenditure came from the enterprises, and 72.3% of R & D expenditure was in the enterprises, which is not much different from those in Europe and the United States. In fact, the situation has basically been the same since 2005. From a data point of view, we should say Enterprises are already the mainstay of China’s R & D activities. However, why the conversion rate of scientific research in China, the scientific and technological competitiveness of enterprises and the contribution rate of science and technology to the economy are still not satisfactory? The low rate of conversion of achievements is a long-standing problem in China’s science and technology activities. However, the absolute quantity and quality of Chinese patents still have a big gap with the advanced countries in the world. In 2007, the proportion of applications and authorizations for domestic invention patents was 26.1% and 10.6% respectively, among which, In contrast, in Japan and overseas, the number of domestic invention patents in 2004 accounted for 89.7% of the total applications of the year. In 2005, South Korea’s applications for domestic invention patents accounted for 65.7% of the total applications in that year. The recent contribution of China’s scientific and technological progress to the economy is about 50%, while the advanced scientific and technological contributions made by the developed countries such as the United States and Japan have exceeded 70% in recent years.