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本文就汞、锌、铅3种重金属对黑鲷胚胎(包括前期仔鱼)发育的影响进行了研究和讨论,并与铜对黑鲷胚胎发育的影响作了比较。黑鲷卵和前期仔鱼对上述4种重金属的敏感顺序是:汞〉铜〉锌〉铅。初孵仔鱼对汞及胚孔封闭前的发育卵对铜较其它发育阶段更为敏感。初孵仔鱼和脊椎形成前的卵对锌、铅都比较敏感,但大大低于对铜和汞的敏感程度。值得注意的是:在脊椎形成后至孵化前的胚胎发育期间,卵对4种重金属的敏感性都远较胚胎发育的其它阶段低。汞、铅对黑鲷的胚胎发育有较明显的迟滞效应。高浓度的锌和铅引起大量初孵仔鱼的畸变,而在含汞海水中,在胚胎直至前期仔鱼的发育期间无畸变现象发生。
In this paper, the effects of mercury, zinc and lead on the development of black seabream embryos (including pre-larvae) were studied and discussed, and the effects of copper on the embryo development of black seabream were compared. The order of sensitivity of black sea bream eggs and pre-larvae to the above four heavy metals is mercury> copper> zinc> lead. The newly hatched larvae are more sensitive to copper and developmental stages than the other stages of development before mercury and embryo confinement. Fresh-larvae and pre-spine eggs are more sensitive to zinc and lead, but significantly less sensitive to copper and mercury. It is noteworthy that the eggs are much less sensitive to all four heavy metals than other stages of embryonic development during post-hatch embryo development after spine formation. Mercury and lead have obvious hysteresis effect on the development of black snappers. High concentrations of zinc and lead cause a lot of aberrations in newly hatched larvae, whereas in mercury-containing seawater, no aberrations occur during embryonic development until early larval development.