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H.R.4105法案旨在为美国对非市场经济国家产品进行反补贴调查提供法律依据,也是作为其履行WTO争端解决机构对DS379案裁决义务的回应。但该法案存在以下重大问题:其一,对非市场经济国家适用的溯及力条款有违宪嫌疑,且与WTO规则不符;其二,防止重复救济举证责任规则不符合WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协议》的规定;其三,法案两部分不同溯及力规定导致的差别待遇不仅有违法律平等保护原则,也违背了美国在WTO下的义务。该法案对生效前和生效后输美产品都将产生重大不利影响,中国应针对法案本身的“硬伤”采取积极的应对措施,力争把法案对中国输美产品的负面影响降至最低。
The H.R.4105 Act aims to provide a legal basis for the United States to conduct anti-subsidy investigations on products from non-market economy countries and as a response to its obligation to settle the DS379 case by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. However, the bill contains the following major issues: First, the retroactive provisions applicable to non-market economy countries are unconstitutional and not in conformity with the WTO rules; secondly, the rules on preventing the burden of proof for repeated relief do not comply with the WTO “Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement ”; Thirdly, the differential treatment caused by the different retroactive provisions in the two parts of the act not only violates the principle of equal protection of the law, but also violates the U.S. obligations under the WTO. The bill will have a significant adverse impact on U.S. exports before and after entry into force. China should take positive measures against the “flawed” bill itself and strive to minimize the negative impact of the bill on China’s exports of U.S. products .