一、序言在美国,汽车降低油耗的要求已按车型明确地规定在油耗法规内,国内外每个制造厂都作为紧急课题而认真对待。改善油耗,有提高发动机热效率、降低发动机的摩擦、降低传动损失、降低辅助机构的传动损失、降低滚动阻力、降低空气阻力、减轻车辆自身质量等各种方法,但对改善油耗贡献最大的是降低车辆自身质量。如果车身减轻1kg,则对发动机负荷所产生的影响,相当于 I. Preface In the United States, the demand for reducing the fuel consumption of vehicles has been clearly stipulated by the vehicle models. Each manufacturer at home and abroad takes the seriousness of treatment as an urgent issue within the fuel consumption laws and regulations. Improve fuel consumption, improve engine thermal efficiency, reduce engine friction, reduce transmission losses, reduce auxiliary transmission losses, reduce rolling resistance, reduce air resistance, reduce the vehicle’s own quality and other methods, but to improve the fuel consumption is the largest contribution to reduce The quality of the vehicle itself. If the body to reduce 1kg, the impact on the engine load, equivalent to