《共产党宣言》中关于资本主义必然灭亡、共产主义必然胜利的论断 ,是依据以唯物辩证法为核心的发展学说观察人类社会而得出的合乎历史规律的结论。由于苏东巨变 ,这一科学结论正受到愈来愈大的挑战。本文对马克思主义经典作家关于资本主义发展状况的估计、关于社会主义革命的时机和条件等重要论述作了重新思考 ,并对当代社会主义与资本主义的关系、社会主义现代化等重大理论问题作了富有新意的阐述 The assertion in the Communist Manifesto that the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable victory of communism is based on the conclusion that the historical law follows the developmental theory of materialist dialectics that observes human society. Due to the great changes in the Soviet Union and East China, this scientific conclusion is under increasing challenge. This article re-examines the important statements by Marxist class writers about the development of capitalism, the timing and conditions of the socialist revolution, and makes major remarks on the relations between contemporary socialism and capitalism and the socialist modernization Innovative elaboration