郑大华:在中国近代社会和近代思想的发展动力或说生成机制的问题上,学术界存在着两种不同的甚至是针锋相对的观点。一种观点认为中国传统思想在进入明清以后,尤其是清乾嘉以后已停滞不前,如果没有西方的挑战,中国传统社会和思想就不会产生任何新的具有近代意义的变化。早在20世 Zheng Dahua: There are two different and even diametrically opposed views on the issue of the motivation or mechanism of the development of modern Chinese society and modern thought in China. One view holds that after the traditional Chinese thought was introduced into the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially after the Qing dynasty, the Chinese traditional society and ideology would not have had any new changes with modern significance without the Western challenges. As early as twentieth Century