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一、词汇过关
1. concentrate
【考纲释义】 vt. 集中;聚集
I feel tired all the time. I’m hungry even after I eat a lot. I can’t concentrate on any studies.我一直感到乏力。吃了不少还是觉得饿。而且不能集中精力学习。
I tried to work but I found I couldn’t concentrate. 我试图工作但发现不能集中精神。
The general decided to concentrate his forces near the capital.这位将军决定把他的部队集中在首都附近。
【知识拓展】
concentrationn.集中, 专心
with deep concentration 专心
concentrate one’s attention on / upon 把注意力集中在
2. course
【考纲释义】 n. 过程;进程;课程;一道菜
He’s seen many changes in the course of his long life. 在漫长的一生中他看到了许多变化。
In the normal course of events we would not treat her disappearance as suspicious.在一般情况下,她不露面,我们也不会觉得有什么可疑之处。
It took him five years to complete the course.他用了5年的时间修完这门课程。
We had chicken for our main course. 鸡是我们的主菜。
【知识拓展】
a course of medical treatments医学治疗的一个疗程 a short-term course 短期班 take a course 修读课程 a dinner of five courses 有五道菜的正餐 Of course 当然可以;当然
3. normal
【考纲释义】 adj. 正常的;标准的;正规的
I’d say it was pretty normal to be upset if your house burned down. 我认为,如果房子烧毁了,心烦是很正常的。
It is now regarded as normal for women to work outside the home.现在妇女在外工作被看作是很正常的事情。
He received four years of normal education at college.他在大学接受了四年正规教育。
The rainfall has been above normal for the time of year. 降雨量超过了这个季节的正常水平。
【知识拓展】
normal temperature正常的温度 above (below) normal 标准以上(下)return to normal恢复正常
【比较辨析】
normal,ordinary和regular 都含“正常的”、“正规的” 、“普通的”的意思。 normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如: the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温。 ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”, 常指人或事物不特殊。 regular 指“有规律的”、“正规的”、“定期的”;common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”;general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”
4. approve
【考纲释义】 vt. 赞成;称许;批准
The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑计划。
She thought for a moment and then approved.她想了一会儿, 也就同意了。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
【知识拓展】
approveof 赞同
5. intention
【考纲释义】 n. 意图, 目的
Good acts are better than good intentions.好的行动胜于好的意图。
My original intention was to study all morning, but this turned out to be impractical. 我原本打算整个上午都学习,可是后来发现行不通。
I’m sorry I offended you, but it wasn’t my intention.对不起, 冒犯你了, 但我绝不是有意的。
【知识拓展】
by intention故意without intention无意中, 不是故意地 with the intention of 抱有……目的, 打算 have no intention of doing ...无意做……
6. senior
【考纲释义】 adj. 年长的;高年级的;高级的n. 年长者,长辈
Smith is senior to me by three years. 史密斯比我大三岁。
He is my senior by three years.他比我大三岁。
She wasn’t senior enough to take such a decision. 她的资历还太浅,不能作这类决定。
After graduation from a junior middle school, he entered a senior middle school. 他初中毕业后进入高中学习。
【知识拓展】
be senior to ... 比……年长
二、短语诠释
1. concentrate on集中;全神贯注于
When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject. 在你开始学习时,你应能够全神贯注于你的功课。
Well, the main character required for this job is concentration. If you can concentrate on computer games for 3 years, I think you have enough concentration. 这个职位要求的最大特征是专心。如果你能够长达3年专注于电脑游戏,我认为你足够专心了。
2. accuse ... of因……指责或控告……
Some unemployed men accuse women of taking their jobs.有些失业的男子责怪妇女抢去了他们的工作。
No one could ever accuse this government of not caring about the poor. 没有人会指责该政府不关心穷人。
The owner of the pub was accused of watering the beer.有人指责酒店老板在啤酒里搀水。
【知识拓展】 accuse与介词of连用。charge可指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。
3. so as to为了
The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson.那名记者举手想获得向新闻发言人提问的机会。
The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt.母亲护着婴儿为了保护他免受伤害。
【知识拓展】
so as to后接动词原形,相当于in order to,但是so as to不能放在句首。
4. defend against防卫以免于
We must always be ready to defend our country from / against aggression. 我们必须时刻准备着保卫祖国, 使她免遭侵犯。
Electricity is used for light, heating, power, and to defend the ship against attacks. 电被用来照明、取暖、作动力,也用来保卫船只免受攻击。
The champion successfully defended his title against the American challenger. 这位冠军打败了美国的挑战者,成功卫冕。
5. look forward to盼望
He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time. 好久以来他一直盼望去英国。
People always look forward to lower risks and higher earnings. 人们又总是期待更低的风险与更高的收益。
We appreciate your cooperation and look forward to receiving your further orders.我们感谢你们的合作,并希望能接到贵方更多的订单。
【知识拓展】
常见的含介词to的短语: stick to 坚持 lead to导致, 通向 pay a visit to 参观 sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to谈到, 涉及see to处理,负责 be up to 总计devote...to 致力于 get down to 开始 / 着手
6. have a good “nose” for sth.发现某事物的能力
Experienced teachers often have sharp noses for students’ problem. 有经验的老师通常对学生的问题很敏感。
As a reporter, Jane has a nose for a story.作为记者,简善于发现题材。
【知识拓展】
have an eye for对……有鉴赏能力
have a good ear for对……会欣赏
have a gift for有……方面的天赋
三、句式详解
1. Not only am I interested in photo-graph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. 我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过摄影呢,所以对此我真是特别感兴趣。
not only ... but also结构中,not only放在句首时,后面引导的句子要用倒装语序,引起部分倒装;但but also后的句子不倒装,用陈述语序。但连接并列主语或并列谓语时则不用倒装。例如:
Not only does she do well in her job, but she is always ready to help others.她不仅工作出色,还乐于助人。
Not only did he work faster, he worked better also.他不仅工作更快,而且更好。
Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.我不仅认识她,而且是她最好的朋友。
not only ... but also 连接两个主语时,谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如:
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
2. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者,说他的报道失实?
句中的where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词case。当point, situation, stage, position等词作先行词引导定语从句,表抽象的地点时,若在定语从句中作地点状语应由where引导定语从句。例如:
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能设想出这个单词被使用的场合吗?
Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步。
I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. 我能想起许多这样的情形;学生知道很多单词和短语却写不出一篇好的文章。
1. concentrate
【考纲释义】 vt. 集中;聚集
I feel tired all the time. I’m hungry even after I eat a lot. I can’t concentrate on any studies.我一直感到乏力。吃了不少还是觉得饿。而且不能集中精力学习。
I tried to work but I found I couldn’t concentrate. 我试图工作但发现不能集中精神。
The general decided to concentrate his forces near the capital.这位将军决定把他的部队集中在首都附近。
【知识拓展】
concentrationn.集中, 专心
with deep concentration 专心
concentrate one’s attention on / upon 把注意力集中在
2. course
【考纲释义】 n. 过程;进程;课程;一道菜
He’s seen many changes in the course of his long life. 在漫长的一生中他看到了许多变化。
In the normal course of events we would not treat her disappearance as suspicious.在一般情况下,她不露面,我们也不会觉得有什么可疑之处。
It took him five years to complete the course.他用了5年的时间修完这门课程。
We had chicken for our main course. 鸡是我们的主菜。
【知识拓展】
a course of medical treatments医学治疗的一个疗程 a short-term course 短期班 take a course 修读课程 a dinner of five courses 有五道菜的正餐 Of course 当然可以;当然
3. normal
【考纲释义】 adj. 正常的;标准的;正规的
I’d say it was pretty normal to be upset if your house burned down. 我认为,如果房子烧毁了,心烦是很正常的。
It is now regarded as normal for women to work outside the home.现在妇女在外工作被看作是很正常的事情。
He received four years of normal education at college.他在大学接受了四年正规教育。
The rainfall has been above normal for the time of year. 降雨量超过了这个季节的正常水平。
【知识拓展】
normal temperature正常的温度 above (below) normal 标准以上(下)return to normal恢复正常
【比较辨析】
normal,ordinary和regular 都含“正常的”、“正规的” 、“普通的”的意思。 normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如: the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温。 ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”, 常指人或事物不特殊。 regular 指“有规律的”、“正规的”、“定期的”;common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”;general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”
4. approve
【考纲释义】 vt. 赞成;称许;批准
The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑计划。
She thought for a moment and then approved.她想了一会儿, 也就同意了。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
【知识拓展】
approveof 赞同
5. intention
【考纲释义】 n. 意图, 目的
Good acts are better than good intentions.好的行动胜于好的意图。
My original intention was to study all morning, but this turned out to be impractical. 我原本打算整个上午都学习,可是后来发现行不通。
I’m sorry I offended you, but it wasn’t my intention.对不起, 冒犯你了, 但我绝不是有意的。
【知识拓展】
by intention故意without intention无意中, 不是故意地 with the intention of 抱有……目的, 打算 have no intention of doing ...无意做……
6. senior
【考纲释义】 adj. 年长的;高年级的;高级的n. 年长者,长辈
Smith is senior to me by three years. 史密斯比我大三岁。
He is my senior by three years.他比我大三岁。
She wasn’t senior enough to take such a decision. 她的资历还太浅,不能作这类决定。
After graduation from a junior middle school, he entered a senior middle school. 他初中毕业后进入高中学习。
【知识拓展】
be senior to ... 比……年长
二、短语诠释
1. concentrate on集中;全神贯注于
When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject. 在你开始学习时,你应能够全神贯注于你的功课。
Well, the main character required for this job is concentration. If you can concentrate on computer games for 3 years, I think you have enough concentration. 这个职位要求的最大特征是专心。如果你能够长达3年专注于电脑游戏,我认为你足够专心了。
2. accuse ... of因……指责或控告……
Some unemployed men accuse women of taking their jobs.有些失业的男子责怪妇女抢去了他们的工作。
No one could ever accuse this government of not caring about the poor. 没有人会指责该政府不关心穷人。
The owner of the pub was accused of watering the beer.有人指责酒店老板在啤酒里搀水。
【知识拓展】 accuse与介词of连用。charge可指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。
3. so as to为了
The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson.那名记者举手想获得向新闻发言人提问的机会。
The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt.母亲护着婴儿为了保护他免受伤害。
【知识拓展】
so as to后接动词原形,相当于in order to,但是so as to不能放在句首。
4. defend against防卫以免于
We must always be ready to defend our country from / against aggression. 我们必须时刻准备着保卫祖国, 使她免遭侵犯。
Electricity is used for light, heating, power, and to defend the ship against attacks. 电被用来照明、取暖、作动力,也用来保卫船只免受攻击。
The champion successfully defended his title against the American challenger. 这位冠军打败了美国的挑战者,成功卫冕。
5. look forward to盼望
He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time. 好久以来他一直盼望去英国。
People always look forward to lower risks and higher earnings. 人们又总是期待更低的风险与更高的收益。
We appreciate your cooperation and look forward to receiving your further orders.我们感谢你们的合作,并希望能接到贵方更多的订单。
【知识拓展】
常见的含介词to的短语: stick to 坚持 lead to导致, 通向 pay a visit to 参观 sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to谈到, 涉及see to处理,负责 be up to 总计devote...to 致力于 get down to 开始 / 着手
6. have a good “nose” for sth.发现某事物的能力
Experienced teachers often have sharp noses for students’ problem. 有经验的老师通常对学生的问题很敏感。
As a reporter, Jane has a nose for a story.作为记者,简善于发现题材。
【知识拓展】
have an eye for对……有鉴赏能力
have a good ear for对……会欣赏
have a gift for有……方面的天赋
三、句式详解
1. Not only am I interested in photo-graph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. 我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过摄影呢,所以对此我真是特别感兴趣。
not only ... but also结构中,not only放在句首时,后面引导的句子要用倒装语序,引起部分倒装;但but also后的句子不倒装,用陈述语序。但连接并列主语或并列谓语时则不用倒装。例如:
Not only does she do well in her job, but she is always ready to help others.她不仅工作出色,还乐于助人。
Not only did he work faster, he worked better also.他不仅工作更快,而且更好。
Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.我不仅认识她,而且是她最好的朋友。
not only ... but also 连接两个主语时,谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如:
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
2. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者,说他的报道失实?
句中的where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词case。当point, situation, stage, position等词作先行词引导定语从句,表抽象的地点时,若在定语从句中作地点状语应由where引导定语从句。例如:
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能设想出这个单词被使用的场合吗?
Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步。
I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. 我能想起许多这样的情形;学生知道很多单词和短语却写不出一篇好的文章。