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[摘要] 目的 探讨肺炎患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)与痰液细菌培养的阳性率差异。 方法 采集2015年3月~2017年11月我院综合内科诊断为肺炎,住院期间既取痰液又取支气管肺泡灌洗液行细菌培养和鉴定的患儿495例,比较痰液及支气管肺泡灌洗液培养阳性率的差异。 结果 495例患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液培养阳性者34例,阳性率为6.9%,居前三位者分别为:肺炎链球菌16例(47.1%),肺炎克雷伯菌11例(32.4%),大肠埃希菌4例(11.8%),其他3例(8.7%);培养结果与病情相符者32例,符合率94.1%。痰培养阳性者41例,阳性率为8.3%,居前三位的细菌分别为:肺炎链球菌21例(51.2%),金黄色葡萄球菌9例(22.0%),流感嗜血杆菌5例(12.2%),其他6例(14.6%);培養结果与病情相符者28例,符合率68.3%。 结论 支气管肺泡灌洗液与痰液细菌培养阳性率无明显差异,但支气管肺泡灌洗液培养结果有更高的临床符合率,结果更可靠,对抗生素使用的指导意义大于痰液。
[关键词] 支气管镜;肺炎;支气管肺泡灌洗液;痰液;细菌培养
[中图分类号] R725.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)28-0112-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sputum in the children patients with pneumonia. Methods 495 children patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia in the department of comprehensive internal medicine in Kunming Children’s Hospital from March 2015 to November 2017 were collected. During the hospitalization, all of them were given bacterial culture and identification of collected sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The differences in the positive rate of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture were compared. Results Of the 495 children patients, 34 were positive for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture. The positive rate was 6.9%, and the top three bacteria were: 16 cases(47.1%) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 11 cases(32.4%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 cases(11.8%) of Escherichia coli, and 3 cases(8.7%) of other bacteria; the results of the culture consistent with the disease were in 32 cases, with the coincidence rate of 94.1%. 41 cases were positive in sputum culture, with the positive rate of 8.3%. The top three bacteria were: Streptococcus pneumoniae in 21 cases(51.2%), Staphylococcus aureus in 9 cases(22.0%), Haemophilus influenzae in 5 cases (12.2%), and others in 6 cases(14.6%); the results of the culture consistent with the disease were in 28 cases, with the coincidence rate of 68.3%. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum. However, the culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have a higher clinical coincidence rate, the results are more reliable, and the guiding significance for antibiotic use is greater than that of sputum.
[Key words] Bronchoscopy; Pneumonia; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Sputum; Bacterial culture
肺炎是小儿最常见的呼吸道疾病,而重症肺炎病情凶险,可迅速发展而出现呼吸衰竭、循环衰竭、脓毒症等,是导致5岁以下儿童死亡的首位病因[1]。在很长一段时间,肺炎的治疗主要依赖于经验治疗,临床获得病原学较难,但随着医学的不断发展,病原学检测手段越来越多,获取病原学的方法也越来越丰富,使得肺炎的治疗由经验性治疗转变为以循证为基础的精准化治疗。支气管镜用于肺炎的诊断及治疗是近年来的热点,其在呼吸系统疾病中的应用越来越受到重视,并且得到了广泛肯定[2,3]。本文对2015年3月~2017年11月入住我院综合内科诊断为肺炎,住院期间既取痰液又取支气管肺泡灌洗液行病原体培养和鉴定的495例患儿培养结果进行回顾性分析,现报道如下。 综上所述,通过支气管镜术留取支气管肺泡灌洗液进行病原学检测是一种比较理想的方式,具有较高的可靠性及安全性,对于提高肺炎的治愈率,改善预后具有非常重要的意义,应该在临床上大力推广。
[参考文献]
[1] Liu L,Johnson HL,Cousens S,et al. Global,regional,and national causes of child mortality:An updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000[J]. Lancet,2012,379(9832):2151-2161.
[2] Wood RE. The emerging role of flexible bronchoscopy in pediatrics[J]. Clin Chest Med,2001,22(2):311-317.
[3] 刘玺成. 儿科支气管镜及其临床应用[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2009,24(8):577-579.
[4] 胡亚美,江载芳. 实用儿科学[M]. 第7版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:1143-1144.
[5] Don M,Canciani M,Korppi M. Commumity-acquired pneumonia inchildren:What’s old?what’s new?[J]. Acta Pediatr,2010,99(11):1602-1608.
[6] Li A,Newall AT,Britt H,et al. The cost and disease burden of pneumonia in general practice in Australia[J]. Vaccine,2012,30(5):830-831.
[7] 顾浩翔,陆敏,车大钿,等. 纤维支气管镜和肺泡灌洗术在肺不张诊断和治疗中的价值[J]. 实用儿科临床杂志,2012,27(4):262-264.
[8] 袁壮. 50年来小儿肺炎诊治策略的变迁[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2006,21(12):881-908.
[9] 陆权. 儿童社区获得性肺炎抗菌药物的合理使用[J]. 实用医院临床杂志,2013,10(6):1-3.
[10] 中华人民共和国卫生部医政司,合理用药专家委员会. 国家抗微生物治疗指南[J]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:132-134,158-166.
[11] 中华医学会儿科分会呼吸学组,《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会.儿童社区获得性肺炎管理指南(2013修订)(上)[J]. 中华儿科杂志,2013,51(10):745-752.
[12] 刘玺诚. 儿科支气管镜及其临床应用[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2009,24(8):577-579.
[13] 刘玺诚. 小儿纤维支气管镜及其临床应用[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,1999,14(4):209-210.
[14] 李福軍. 局部麻醉剂可卡因或利多卡因加新福林对常见鼻腔致病菌的抗菌活性研究[J]. 国外医学:耳鼻咽喉科学分册,2000,24(2):102-103.
[15] Aydin ON,Eyigor M,Aydin N. Antimicrobial activity of ropivacaine and other local anaesthetics[J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol,2001,18(3):687-694.
(收稿日期:2018-07-02)
[关键词] 支气管镜;肺炎;支气管肺泡灌洗液;痰液;细菌培养
[中图分类号] R725.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)28-0112-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sputum in the children patients with pneumonia. Methods 495 children patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia in the department of comprehensive internal medicine in Kunming Children’s Hospital from March 2015 to November 2017 were collected. During the hospitalization, all of them were given bacterial culture and identification of collected sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The differences in the positive rate of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture were compared. Results Of the 495 children patients, 34 were positive for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture. The positive rate was 6.9%, and the top three bacteria were: 16 cases(47.1%) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 11 cases(32.4%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 cases(11.8%) of Escherichia coli, and 3 cases(8.7%) of other bacteria; the results of the culture consistent with the disease were in 32 cases, with the coincidence rate of 94.1%. 41 cases were positive in sputum culture, with the positive rate of 8.3%. The top three bacteria were: Streptococcus pneumoniae in 21 cases(51.2%), Staphylococcus aureus in 9 cases(22.0%), Haemophilus influenzae in 5 cases (12.2%), and others in 6 cases(14.6%); the results of the culture consistent with the disease were in 28 cases, with the coincidence rate of 68.3%. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum. However, the culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have a higher clinical coincidence rate, the results are more reliable, and the guiding significance for antibiotic use is greater than that of sputum.
[Key words] Bronchoscopy; Pneumonia; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Sputum; Bacterial culture
肺炎是小儿最常见的呼吸道疾病,而重症肺炎病情凶险,可迅速发展而出现呼吸衰竭、循环衰竭、脓毒症等,是导致5岁以下儿童死亡的首位病因[1]。在很长一段时间,肺炎的治疗主要依赖于经验治疗,临床获得病原学较难,但随着医学的不断发展,病原学检测手段越来越多,获取病原学的方法也越来越丰富,使得肺炎的治疗由经验性治疗转变为以循证为基础的精准化治疗。支气管镜用于肺炎的诊断及治疗是近年来的热点,其在呼吸系统疾病中的应用越来越受到重视,并且得到了广泛肯定[2,3]。本文对2015年3月~2017年11月入住我院综合内科诊断为肺炎,住院期间既取痰液又取支气管肺泡灌洗液行病原体培养和鉴定的495例患儿培养结果进行回顾性分析,现报道如下。 综上所述,通过支气管镜术留取支气管肺泡灌洗液进行病原学检测是一种比较理想的方式,具有较高的可靠性及安全性,对于提高肺炎的治愈率,改善预后具有非常重要的意义,应该在临床上大力推广。
[参考文献]
[1] Liu L,Johnson HL,Cousens S,et al. Global,regional,and national causes of child mortality:An updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000[J]. Lancet,2012,379(9832):2151-2161.
[2] Wood RE. The emerging role of flexible bronchoscopy in pediatrics[J]. Clin Chest Med,2001,22(2):311-317.
[3] 刘玺成. 儿科支气管镜及其临床应用[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2009,24(8):577-579.
[4] 胡亚美,江载芳. 实用儿科学[M]. 第7版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:1143-1144.
[5] Don M,Canciani M,Korppi M. Commumity-acquired pneumonia inchildren:What’s old?what’s new?[J]. Acta Pediatr,2010,99(11):1602-1608.
[6] Li A,Newall AT,Britt H,et al. The cost and disease burden of pneumonia in general practice in Australia[J]. Vaccine,2012,30(5):830-831.
[7] 顾浩翔,陆敏,车大钿,等. 纤维支气管镜和肺泡灌洗术在肺不张诊断和治疗中的价值[J]. 实用儿科临床杂志,2012,27(4):262-264.
[8] 袁壮. 50年来小儿肺炎诊治策略的变迁[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2006,21(12):881-908.
[9] 陆权. 儿童社区获得性肺炎抗菌药物的合理使用[J]. 实用医院临床杂志,2013,10(6):1-3.
[10] 中华人民共和国卫生部医政司,合理用药专家委员会. 国家抗微生物治疗指南[J]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:132-134,158-166.
[11] 中华医学会儿科分会呼吸学组,《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会.儿童社区获得性肺炎管理指南(2013修订)(上)[J]. 中华儿科杂志,2013,51(10):745-752.
[12] 刘玺诚. 儿科支气管镜及其临床应用[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2009,24(8):577-579.
[13] 刘玺诚. 小儿纤维支气管镜及其临床应用[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,1999,14(4):209-210.
[14] 李福軍. 局部麻醉剂可卡因或利多卡因加新福林对常见鼻腔致病菌的抗菌活性研究[J]. 国外医学:耳鼻咽喉科学分册,2000,24(2):102-103.
[15] Aydin ON,Eyigor M,Aydin N. Antimicrobial activity of ropivacaine and other local anaesthetics[J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol,2001,18(3):687-694.
(收稿日期:2018-07-02)