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历史唯物主义认为社会生产方式是历史发展的尺度,认为社会发展的历史首先是物质的生产方式发展的历史。事物的发展在于事物内部的矛盾性。事物中矛盾着的各个侧面又统一又斗争就是事物发展的动力。因此,人类社会历史发展的动力,就是人类社会历史发展中的各种矛盾运动。生产力诸要素之间的矛盾,生产力和生产关系之间的矛盾,经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾,生产和需要的矛盾,以及在阶级社会中表现这些矛盾的革命阶级和反动阶级之间的阶级矛盾和阶级斗争,都是社会历史发展的动力。
Historical materialism holds that the mode of social production is a measure of historical development, that the history of social development is, first and foremost, the history of the development of the mode of material production. The development of things lies in the internal contradictions of things. The contradictory sides of things are unified and the struggle is the motive force for the development of things. Therefore, the driving force for the historical development of human society is all kinds of contradictions and movements in the historical development of human society. The contradiction between the various elements of productive forces, the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, the contradictions between economic foundations and superstructures, the contradictions between production and needs, and between the revolutionary class and the reactionary class that manifest these contradictions in class society Class contradictions and class struggles are the motive force for the development of social history.