下午,曾金老师同杨教授的小外孙小聪一起在家里看书。忽然,小聪又提出了一个问题:“曾叔叔,上午你讲的单句很有趣。我们初中《语文》第三册课本上讲了句子的六种成分,请您用一种简便易记的方法,讲一讲怎样划分句子成分吧!”“嗬,你真会出难题呀!”曾老师放下手中的书说:“顺口溜好记吧?”“好记。”“那么,我给你编一首顺口溜,把常用的六种句子成分归纳进去,你看好不好?”“好!”于是,曾老师教小聪背诵了下面这首歌——划分句子成分,“主干”“分枝”记清: “分枝”“定”“状”“补语”, “主干”“主语”“谓”“宾”。主语常居“谓”前,宾语动词后跟。“定”在“主”“宾”之前,常用“的”字相承。状语常在“谓”前,“补”在谓语后行。以上一般情况,另有变化分清: 句中强调谓语,或表强烈感情, 在此情况之下,“谓”在主语前行。状语最不安分,位置最不固定: 多在“主”后“谓”前,“地”字中间相承; 表示时间地点,又在“主”前立定; 有的还可还原,这是检查标准。如果时间出现,地点同时来临。时间名词作“状”,“主”是地点担承。介词词组在首,非“主”是“状”或“定”; 有时“状”在句末,但须结队而行。介词词组在尾,是“补”很少是“宾”。宾语若要提前,介词、代词前引; 有时“宾”居句首,逗号在后停顿。记住变化规律,句子成分好分。 In the afternoon, Zeng Jin studied with his little grandson Sun Xiaocun at home. Suddenly, Xiao Cong raised a question: “Uncle Tseng, the single sentence you said in the morning was very interesting. We used the easy-to-remember method to describe the six components of the sentence in the third Chinese textbook for junior high school. Talk about how to divide sentence components!” “Oh, you really have a problem!” Teacher Zeng put down the book in his hands and said: “Hello, don’t miss it?” “It’s easy to remember.” “Then, I’ll edit it for you.” The first mouthful slipped into the common six sentence components. Do you think good?” “Good!” So, teacher Zeng Xiaochong recited the following song—different sentence components, “main trunk” and “branch” Qing: “branches”, “set”, “like”, “complement”, “trunk”, “subject”, “meaning” and “bin”. The subject often precedes the “predicate”, followed by the object verb. “Determine” before the “master” “bin”, commonly used “of” the same word. Adverbial often precedes “predicate” and “supplement” follows the predicate. In the above general situation, there is another change: In the sentence, the predicate is emphasized, or the expression is strongly emotional. Under this condition, “predicate” moves ahead of the subject. Adverbial is the most restless, and the position is not fixed at the most: Most of them are in the middle of the word after the “main” and the word “to”; they represent the time and place, and they are standing before the “master”; some can also be restored. This is the check. standard. If time comes, the location will come at the same time. The time noun is “like” and “main” is the place to bear. Prepositional phrases are first, non-“main” is “like” or “fixed”; sometimes “like” is at the end of the sentence, but it must be done in teams. At the end of the prepositional phrase, “supplement” is rarely “bin”. If the object is to be advanced, prepositions and pronouns lead the way; sometimes the “bin” comes first and the comma pauses. Remember the laws of change, with good score components.