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目的分析儿童青少年情绪障碍患者自我意识及父母教养方式的特征,为临床干预提供依据。方法选择在广东省精神卫生研究所及佛山市第三人民医院进行心理咨询或治疗的儿童青少年情绪障碍者150例作为研究组,所有患儿进行Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、父母教养方式量表调查,同期入组150例佛山市几所中学的小学、初中高中学生作为健康对照组。回收问卷,对量表进行评定,对两组结果进行对照分析。结果研究组的PHCSS行为、焦虑、合群分量表评分及总分均明显低于健康对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组父亲情感温暖理解因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),父亲惩罚严厉因子、父亲拒绝否认因子、母亲干涉保护因子分明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论儿童青少年情绪障碍的自我意识水平较低,行为问题突出,父母教养方式不当是引起情绪障碍的重要原因。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of self-awareness and parental rearing patterns of children and adolescents with emotional disorders and provide the basis for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 150 children and adolescents with mood disorders who were counseled or treated at the Guangdong Mental Health Institute and the Third People’s Hospital of Foshan City were enrolled in the study. All children underwent Piers-Harris Child Self-Esteem Scale (PHCSS) Correctional measures scale survey, the same period enrolled 150 cases of several secondary schools in Foshan City, middle and high school students as a healthy control group. Recover questionnaires, scale assessment, the two groups of results were analyzed. Results The PHCSS behavior, anxiety, cohesion subscale score and total score of study group were significantly lower than those of healthy control group (all P <0.05). The emotional warmth factor was significantly lower in the study group than that in the control group (P <0.05). The father was severely punished, the father refused to deny the factor, and the maternal intervention factor was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P <0.05). Conclusion Children and adolescents have lower levels of self-awareness, behavioral problems and improper parental rearing, which are important causes of emotional disturbance.