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本文是几年来诱变研究的总结。我们利用γ射线、快中子、热中子和叠氮化钠处理了“矮秆齐”、“早熟三号”和佚名三个品种的大麦种子,迄今已得到了8类突变(芒长、株高、穗型、穗部叶绿素缺失、蜡质、抽穗期、不育和裸粒等)18种突变体。研究表明它们大多属于单基因隐性突变,少数属于半显性突变。本文还阐明不同的遗传背景具有不同的诱变谱,隐性不足是普遍存在的,但多见于致死突变,在非致死的形态突变中较少;提出了克服突变基因多效性的几个途径。
This article is a summary of mutagenic research over the past few years. We treated barley seeds of “Dwarf Qi”, “Precocity III” and “Anonymous” with γ-rays, fast neutrons, thermal neutrons and sodium azide. To date, eight types of mutations have been obtained (Mulberry length, plant height, panicle type, panicle chlorophyll loss, wax, heading date, sterile and naked). Studies have shown that most of them are single recessive mutations, a few are semi-dominant mutations. This article also clarifies that different genetic backgrounds have different mutagenic spectra. The recessive deficiency is ubiquitous, but it is more common in lethal mutations and less in non-lethal morphological mutations. Several approaches to overcome the pleiotropic effects of mutated genes are proposed .