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工业革命之前的很长时期里,海洋文明与大陆文明各具特色,难分伯仲。在某种程度上,大陆上一些地区的文明甚至更为高级。十世纪时,一位阿拉伯地理学家曾嘲笑西欧人“人高马大、言语粗俗、举止野蛮、头脑愚钝,……”;在古代中国,西域的文明也很发达,丝绸之路上商旅如云。一些都市“七里十万家”,“葡萄美酒恣行乐,红艳青旗朱粉楼”,极尽人间之繁华。只是随着工业革命的兴起,海洋文明得到了强劲的发动机,大陆文明渐渐被甩在后面了。就中国而言,西部内陆与东部沿海在改革开放20年以后,就像人们看到的那样差距正在扩大。 西部落后的关键原因是什么呢?
In a very long time before the industrial revolution, marine civilization and mainland civilization each had its own unique characteristics. In some ways, civilization in some parts of the continent is even more advanced. In the 10th century, an Arab geographer once ridiculed Western Europeans of “high human beings, vulgar language, barbarous manners, stupid minds ...”; in ancient China, civilization in the western region was also well-developed. Business travel on the Silk Road . Some cities “seven hundred thousand”, “grape wine unforgettable, Hong Yan Qing Zhu Zhulou”, the best of the bustling world. Only with the rise of the industrial revolution, the marine civilization has gained a strong engine and the mainland’s civilization has gradually been left behind. In the case of China, after two decades of reform and opening up, both inland and east coasts of the western region are expanding as the one we have seen. What is the key reason behind the western backwardness?