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近年研究发现,环境致癌物苯并(a)芘的致癌机制除遗传毒性外,可引起全基因组甲基化减低、抑癌基因甲基化升高及原癌基因甲基化降低,亦可引起微RNA表达升高或降低、长链非编码RNA表达升高、组蛋白磷酸化水平升高、组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化失衡等表观遗传学变化。这些改变既可引起基因表达异常、染色体结构异常和不稳定性增加直接致癌,又可以引起相应的遗传毒性改变,如基因突变、基因损伤修复异常、细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞等协同致癌,被认为是苯并(a)芘致癌可能的表观遗传学机制。上述研究为进一步揭示苯并(a)芘引起的环境相关性疾病和职业病的发生机制及防治策略提供了科学依据。
Recent studies have found that the carcinogenic mechanism of benz (a) pyrene, an environmental carcinogen, in addition to its genotoxicity, can lead to the reduction of genome-wide methylation, the increase of methylation of tumor suppressor gene and the reduction of oncogene methylation. MicroRNA expression increased or decreased, the expression of long-chain non-coding RNA increased, increased levels of histone phosphorylation, histone methylation and acetylation imbalance and other epigenetic changes. These changes can cause abnormal gene expression, chromosomal abnormalities and increased instability caused by a direct carcinogenic, but also can cause the corresponding genotoxic changes, such as genetic mutations, genetic damage repair abnormalities, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and other collaborative carcinogenesis, It is considered as a possible epigenetic mechanism of benzo (a) pyrene carcinogenesis. The above studies provide a scientific basis for further revealing the mechanism and prevention and cure strategies of environment-related diseases and occupational diseases caused by benzo (a) pyrene.