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羰基是由碳和氧两种原子通过双键连接而成的有机官能团(C=0),醛、酮结构中都含有羰基。羰基上的碳氧双键与碳碳双键一样,也是由一个δ键和一个π键组成,但由于羰基中氧的电负性比碳大,使得氧原子上带部分负电荷,碳原子上带部分正电荷,所以羰基具有较强的极性。当发生加成反应时,碳原子与加成试剂中带部分负电荷的基团结合,氧原子与加成试剂中带部分正电荷的基团结合。羰基的加成反应在有机合成中有重要的应用。
Carbonyl is an organic functional group (C = 0) composed of two carbon and oxygen atoms connected through double bonds. Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl groups. The carbon-oxygen double bond on a carbonyl group is also composed of a δ bond and a π bond, just like a carbon-carbon double bond. However, since the electronegativity of oxygen in the carbonyl group is larger than that of carbon, the oxygen atom is partially negatively charged. With a part of the positive charge, so the carbonyl has a strong polarity. When an addition reaction occurs, the carbon atom binds to a partially negatively charged group in the addition reagent and the oxygen atom binds to a positively charged group in the addition reagent. The carbonyl addition reaction has important applications in organic synthesis.