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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays essential roles in cell proliferation,survival and metabolism by forming at least two functional distinct multi-protein complexes,mTORC1 and mTORC2.Exteal growth signals can be received and interpreted by mTORC2 and further transduced to mTORC1.On the other hand,mTORC1 can sense inner-cellular physiological cues such as amino acids and energy states and can indirectly suppress mTORC2 activity in part through phosphorylation of its upstream adaptors,IRS-1 or Grb10,under insulin or IGF-1 stimulation conditions.