能力是指个体适应并胜任某一活动和调解自身行为的心理可能性和现实性。就其内容来说包括思维能力和行为能力。能力表现在认识和解决问题的过程中。因为人的行为受思想支配,故思维能力(或称认识能力)是人的能力的起点。思维不能归结为感性的表象和映象,思维具有抽象性,它能借助科学的概念和范畴概括各种感性材料。所以思维能力主要是归纳、演绎、分析、综合、推理、判断、创新等能力。 知识的存在与增长是能力产生和发展的必要条件。获得和运用知识需要能力、依赖能力,没有一定的阅读和记忆能力不能接受前人的知识;没有一定的观察、分析、判断能力也不能在实践中获得新的知识。知识和能力都是人们在改造客观世界和主观世界的实践中获得,并在实践中不断增长的。 高考所要求的七种能力,可简要归纳为;1.再认、 Competence refers to the psychological possibility and reality of individuals adapting to and fulfilling certain activities and mediating their own behaviors. For its content, it includes thinking ability and behavioral ability. Competence is expressed in the process of understanding and solving problems. Because human behavior is dominated by ideas, thinking ability (or cognitive ability) is the starting point of human ability. Thinking can not be attributed to emotional appearance and imagery. Thinking is abstract. It can use scientific concepts and categories to summarize various perceptual materials. Therefore, the ability to think is mainly about induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, reasoning, judgment, and innovation. The existence and growth of knowledge are necessary conditions for the generation and development of capabilities. Acquiring and applying knowledge requires competence and dependence. Without a certain ability to read and memorize, one cannot accept predecessors’ knowledge. Without a certain ability to observe, analyze, and judge, one cannot acquire new knowledge in practice. Knowledge and ability are both acquired by people in the practice of transforming the objective world and the subjective world, and they are constantly growing in practice. The seven kinds of abilities required by the college entrance examination can be summarized as follows: 1. Recognition,