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自明中叶至清中叶,特别是明清之际,由于中国后期封建社会总危机的爆发和资本主义生产萌芽的产生,随着宋明理学的衰颓及其“空虚之弊”的暴露,在社会上出现了一股由虚返实的实学思潮,并且在同宋明理学特别是王学末流的辩论中,逐步成为十六至十八世纪学术发展的主流。我们把这股以“黜虚崇实”为基本特征、以揭露封建社会各种弊端和批判理学末流“空虚之弊”为主要内容的社会思潮,称之为“明清实学思潮”。
Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the mid-Qing Dynasty, especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the outbreak of the general crisis of the late feudal society in China and the sprout of capitalist production, with the decline of Neo-Confucianism and the exposure of “the disadvantages of emptiness” There emerged an actual trend of real learning from the virtual reality, and gradually became the mainstream of the academic development in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries in the debate with the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties. We regard this unit as the basic characteristic of “ignoring reality” as the main content of the social trend of thought in order to expose various defects of the feudal society and criticize the “empty defects” of the end of the jurisprudence as “the tide of real learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.”