科学家和技术人员的流动同科学本身一样历史悠久。无需追述历史,人们当然知道,知识的发展是旅行、移居国外、交流思想、新发现的同义词。今天大批的科学家拥有最先进的交流手段:一是使他们可以快速旅行的喷气式飞机,二是使他们可以交流资料的电脑网。全世界有1.5亿科学家,他们中的一部分通过飞机和电脑网形成了一批不受地理距离限制的特殊人物,他们正在出售他们的技术,而从不考虑国家。例如,苏联的解体使数万名专家投入了市场,他们准 The flow of scientists and technicians is as historic as science itself. Without recourse to history, people certainly know that the development of knowledge is synonymous with travel, emigration, exchange of ideas, and new discoveries. Today, a large number of scientists possess state-of-the-art means of communication: first, jets that allow them to travel quickly and second, computers that allow them to exchange information. There are 150 million scientists around the world, some of whom form special groups of geographically distance-bound people by aircraft and computer networks who are selling their technology without regard to the country. For example, the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought tens of thousands of experts to the market, and they agreed