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侵权之债,是针对侵犯所有权和人身权而设立的一项民事法律制度.侵权人(加害人)因自己的行为侵害了他人的财产权利或人身权利,并造成一定的损失,应依法律的规定承担民事责任,赔偿受害人的损失.于是在加害人和受害人之间,产生了一种法定的债权债务关系.这是人们在社会生活中经常发生的债的关系,其普遍性仅次于合同之债,从法制史的发展来看,侵权损害赔偿制度是一项古老的法律制度.据史料记载,奴隶社会的苏美尔法典、汉穆拉比法典和古罗马的十二铜表法,都有对侵权损害赔偿的典型规定,这些规定对后世的侵权法的制定产生了深远的影响,这种影响在欧洲大陆的成文立法中表现得尤为明显.在我国,现代意义上的侵权赔偿制度的确立虽较晚近,但根据出土文物史料的记载,早在二千多年前的秦代法律中,就已有某些关于损害赔偿的规定了.从法律上设立侵权之债的制度,不仅有着政治上的意义,而且还有着民族的、宗教的、文化的乃至于伦理道德上的意义.不论何种社会制度的国家,不论立法者(统治阶级)制定侵权法的主观动机如何,其主要目的就在于通过制裁和赔偿制度,来制止不法行为的发生和使受害人尽可能得到补偿,以有效地拥护统治阶级所建立起来的社会秩
Infringement of debt, is a civil legal system established for the infringement of ownership and personal rights infringement (perpetrators) for their own acts against others property rights or personal rights, and cause some damage, according to the law Bear civil liability and compensate for the loss of the victim, thus creating a legal debt relationship between the perpetrator and the victim.This is the relationship between the debt that people often make in their social life, and its universality is second only to Contract debt, judging from the development of legal history, the system of tort damages is an ancient legal system.According to historical records, Sumerian code of slave society, Hammurabi Code and the ancient Roman Twelve Tables method , All have the typical provisions of damages for infringement, which have a far-reaching impact on the formulation of later infringement laws, especially in the written legislation of the European continent.In China, compensation for infringement in the modern sense Although the establishment of the system is relatively recent, according to the historical records of the unearthed cultural relics, some provisions on damages have existed as early as 2,000 years ago in the Qin Dynasty law. The system of rights and debts not only has political significance, but also ethnical, religious, cultural and even moral and ethical meanings. No matter what kind of social system country, no matter legislators (the ruling class) formulate tort law The main purpose of which is to suppress the occurrence of wrongdoing and make the victims as compensable as possible through sanctions and compensation so as to effectively support the social order established by the ruling class