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基于不同的法理基础,独立担保的欺诈例外规则在各国不断发展,并呈现出了类型化的趋势,主要包括单据欺诈、单据无效和实质性欺诈等三种情形。其中,单据欺诈和单据无效这两种情形对于信用证和独立担保同样适用;而实质性欺诈对独立担保而言具有更重要的意义,其应该被严格限制在与独立担保的索款行为紧密联系并且构成实质性的欺诈范围内。面对我国缺乏一致性的司法实践,独立保函司法解释的征求意见稿对欺诈性索款进行了界定,但仍然不够严格,影响了其作为商事担保的确定性和迅捷性。
Based on different jurisprudential basis, the independent guarantee fraud exception rule continues to evolve in various countries and shows a trend of genre. It mainly includes three cases: document fraud, invalid document and substantive fraud. Among them, the two cases of document fraud and invalid document also apply to the credit and independent guarantee; and the substantive fraud is more important for the independent guarantee, which should be strictly limited to the independent sponsored claims. And constitutes a substantial scope of fraud. Confronted with the lack of consistent judicial practice in our country, the draft of the judicial interpretations of independent guarantees defines the fraudulent claims but is still not strict enough to affect its certainty and expediency as a commercial guarantee.