1.过梁的计算与构造砖墙门窗洞口上的过梁,通常有砖砌平拱式过梁、钢筋砖过梁和钢筋混凝土过梁三种。砖砌平拱式过梁用较高标号的竖砖砌筑而成,竖向灰缝呈楔形(图1),它施工方便,不用钢材,但受力性能较差,对于房屋可能产生的不均匀沉降和振动荷载极为敏感,容易出现裂缝。钢筋砖过梁是配筋的平砌式砖过梁(图2),砌筑方法与砌体相同,只 1. Calculation and construction of lintels The lintels on the openings of brick and steel doors and windows usually consist of three types: brick arched lintels, reinforced beam lintels and reinforced concrete lintels. Brick arched arched lintels are made of high-grade vertical bricks, and the vertical mortar joints are wedge-shaped (Fig. 1). It is easy to construct and does not use steel, but its mechanical performance is poor. It may not be possible for houses. Uniform settlement and vibration load are extremely sensitive and cracks are prone to occur. The reinforced brick lintel is a flat brick lintel with reinforcement (Figure 2). The masonry method is the same as the masonry, only