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基于中国私营企业调查历年数据,试图回答“私营企业主的社会构成”这一经典命题。经过近40年的发展,私营企业主的总体构成已发生重大变化,有市场背景、受过高等教育、非政治党派的构成在上升。通过将私营企业主的职业流动进一步划分成“下海”、“改制”、“跨界”、“跳板”、“草根”等类型,发现大、中、小三种类型的企业主在创业前的职业流动存在显著差异,尤其是大企业主更有可能来自体制内下海或改制,而中小企业主以体制外成长为主。多元回归和系数集束化分析表明,教育程度与政治身份在阶层地位和同期群方面对企业主职业流动产生不同的影响。
Based on the historical data of the surveys of private-owned enterprises in China, it attempts to answer the classic proposition “The Social Formation of Private-owned Business Owners.” After nearly 40 years of development, the overall composition of private business owners has undergone major changes. With a market background and higher education, the composition of non-political parties is on the rise. By further dividing the occupation flow of private entrepreneurs into “sea”, “restructuring”, “cross-border”, “springboard”, “grassroots” and other types, The types of business owners before the start of the professional mobility there are significant differences, especially large business owners are more likely to come from within the system or restructuring, and SME owners to grow outside the system. Multiple regression and coefficient clustering analysis show that educational level and political status have different influences on the occupational mobility of business owners in the status of strata and cohorts.