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上世纪中叶,美国社会学家大卫.理斯曼曾宣称以美国为代表的西方社会业已从生产时代进入消费时代,并将这种社会状况的转变称为资本主义发展史上的第二次变革。这种时代特征的转变以资本主义生产危机为契机,以资本主义生产方式所发生的革命性转变为前提。生产方式的革命性转变包括生产制度、组织原则、积累方式等方面所发生的一系列转变。这一系列转变具有重要的社会效应,首先便是促进了消费活动在现代社会成为一种普遍的社会现象,并促使大众消费成为普遍的社会现实。在此基础上,一种新的社会状态——消费社会得以产生。
In the middle of the last century, the American sociologist David Riesman claimed that the Western society represented by the United States had entered the consumer age from the production era and called this transition in social conditions the second revolution in the history of capitalism . The transformation of this epochal character takes the crisis of capitalist production as a turning point and takes the revolutionary transformation that has taken place in the capitalist mode of production as a precondition. The revolutionary transformation of the mode of production includes a series of changes that have taken place in the areas of production system, organizational principles and methods of accumulation. This series of changes has an important social effect. First, it promotes the consumption activities becoming a common social phenomenon in modern society and promotes mass consumption as a universal social reality. On this basis, a new social state - consumer society can be generated.