一、问题的提出“测定电池的电动势和内阻”是高中物理的一个重要分组实验,用作图法处理数据可以有效地减小偶然误差。但是,由电压表和电流表内阻引起的系统误差总是存在的,能否通过改进实验方案来减小或消除系统误差呢?二、常规方案的困惑——难以克服系统误差对实验结果的影响如图1所示是学生分组实验中采用的电路图,改变滑动变阻器的滑片位置,测出多组U、I值,绘出U-I图线(如图2),图线的纵轴截距为电源电动势E,横轴 First, the issue put forward “Determination of the battery electromotive force and internal resistance” is an important high school physics grouping experiments, used as a map method to deal with the data can effectively reduce the chance error. However, systematic errors caused by voltmeter and ammeter internal resistance always exist. Can we reduce or eliminate systematic errors by improving the experimental scheme? Second, the confusion of the conventional scheme - it is difficult to overcome the influence of systematic errors on the experimental results Shown in Figure 1 is a student grouping circuit diagram used to change the sliding rheostat vane position, measured more than U, I value, draw the UI diagram line (Figure 2), the vertical axis of the intercept of the plot line Power electromotive force E, horizontal axis