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由于分子克隆技术的发展,促进了肿瘤基因的研究。而在肿瘤基因研究史上,研究最广泛、深入、持久的莫过于p53基因。p53基因为一种抑癌基因,是细胞生长重要的负调节因子,若此基因发生突变,则细胞生长失控,进而导致癌症发生。p53基因突变与多种肿瘤的发生有密切关系,这已得到很多研究资料证实。本文仅对p53基因突变与胃癌关系的近期研究作如下综述。 1 p53基因及其产物的结构和功能 p53基因定位于人17号染色体,全长约20kb,有11个外显子,编码393个氨基酸。其产物为53KD的核磷酸蛋白,具有与双链或单链DNA结合的能力。p53蛋白序列有5个高度保守区,分别位于13～19、117～142、171～181、236～258和270～288位氨基酸。这些保守区可能是p53蛋白生物学活性的关键部位。
Due to the development of molecular cloning technology, the study of oncogenes was promoted. In the history of tumor gene research, the most extensive, deep, and lasting research is the p53 gene. The p53 gene is an anti-oncogene and an important negative regulator of cell growth. If this gene is mutated, the cell growth will become uncontrolled, leading to cancer. The p53 gene mutation is closely related to the occurrence of various tumors, which has been confirmed by many research data. This article only summarizes the recent studies on the relationship between p53 gene mutation and gastric cancer. 1 Structure and function of p53 gene and its products The p53 gene is located on human chromosome 17, which is about 20kb in length and 11 exons encoding 393 amino acids. Its product is a 53KD nucleoprotein, with the ability to bind to double-stranded or single-stranded DNA. The p53 protein sequence has five highly conserved regions, which are located at 13-19, 117-142, 171-181, 236-258 and 270-288 amino acids. These conserved regions may be key parts of the biological activity of p53 protein.