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目的了解不同亚型脑卒中的相关危险因素,为脑卒中防治提供理论依据。方法采用以医院为基础的病例—对照研究方法对2012年5月至2013年5月因首发脑卒中在河北大学附属医院和保定市第一中心医院神经内科住院的患者246例作为观察组,按照性别相同、年龄相差≤2岁的条件随机抽取同期在同院住院的非脑卒中病人作为对照组进行调查和实验室检查。结果脑卒中患者体重指数、吸烟率、体力活动强度、脑卒中家族史、高血压发生率、收缩压、甘油三酯、TC、LDL均高于非脑卒中患者,而HDL低于非脑卒中患者(均P<0.05)。多因素Multinomial Logistic回归分析筛选出缺血性脑卒中相对于非脑卒中的危险因素分别为体重指数、吸烟和高血压,HDL为保护性因素;出血性脑卒中相对于非脑卒中的危险因素为高血压。结论体重指数大、吸烟、高血压和低HDL的病人患缺血性脑卒中的危险性大,高血压的病人患出血性脑卒中的危险性大。
Objective To understand the related risk factors of stroke in different subtypes and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 246 patients admitted to Department of Neurology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital and Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from May 2012 to May 2013 as the observation group, The same gender, age difference ≤ 2 years of age were randomly selected at the same period hospitalized patients with non-stroke as a control group for investigation and laboratory tests. Results The body mass index, smoking rate, physical activity intensity, family history of stroke, the incidence of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, TC and LDL in stroke patients were higher than those in non-stroke patients, while HDL was lower than those in non-stroke patients (All P <0.05). Multivariate Multinomial Logistic regression analysis screened ischemic stroke relative to non-stroke risk factors were body mass index, smoking and high blood pressure, HDL as a protective factor; hemorrhagic stroke relative to non-stroke risk factors hypertension. Conclusions Patients with high body mass index, smoking, high blood pressure, and low HDL have a high risk of developing ischemic stroke and those with hypertension are at high risk for hemorrhagic stroke.