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目的:了解肇庆市端州城区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态,为保护儿童视力、防治屈光不正提供依据。方法:分析2001-2010年肇庆市端州城区12所幼儿园4~6岁学龄前儿童的视力和屈光状态筛查资料。结果:共筛查学龄前儿童36778名,发现视力低常儿童6361名,视力低常率为17.30%;发现弱视儿童757名,弱视患病率为2.06%。不同年份的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义(P=0.767,P=0.993);不同级别幼儿园的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义(P=0.245,P=0.351);不同年龄组视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),且随着年龄增长,视力低常率和弱视患病率有降低的趋势;不同性别的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义(P=0.146,P=0.149)。视力正常及视力低常儿童屈光状态均以远视为主,患病率分别为88.68%和82.20%,近视患病率分别为2.80%和11.00%,随着年龄的增长,远视患病率逐渐降低,近视患病率逐渐升高。正视率和混合散光患病率较低,且没有年龄间差异。结论:学龄前儿童屈光不正以远视为主,但随着年龄的增长近视率不断提高,应对学龄前儿童定期进行视力检查,根据学龄前儿童视力变化特征,确定不同时期的防治方向。
Objective: To understand the visual acuity and refractive status of preschool children in Duanzhou City, Zhaoqing City, and to provide basis for protecting children’s vision and preventing and treating refractive errors. Methods: The visual acuity and refractive status screening data of preschool children aged 4 ~ 6 in 12 kindergartens in downtown Duanzhou of Zhaoqing from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed. Results: A total of 36778 preschool children were screened and 6361 children with low vision were found. The rate of vision loss was 17.30%. 757 children with amblyopia were found, the prevalence of amblyopia was 2.06%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of low vision vision and amblyopia in different years (P = 0.767, P = 0.993). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of low vision vision and amblyopia in different grades of kindergarten (P = 0.245, P = 0.351). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of low vision vision and amblyopia in different age groups (P <0.001), and the prevalence of low vision vision and amblyopia decreased with age There was no significant difference in prevalence of low vision and amblyopia between different genders (P = 0.146, P = 0.149). Children with normal visual acuity and poor visual acuity were mainly hyperopia, the prevalence rates were 88.68% and 82.20% respectively. The prevalence of myopia was 2.80% and 11.00% respectively. As the age increased, the prevalence of hyperopia gradually increased Reduce the prevalence of myopia gradually increased. The prevalence of orthoptic and mixed astigmatism was low with no age difference. Conclusions: Presbyopia is mainly hyperopia. However, with the increase of myopia, the presbyopia should be checked regularly. According to the change of eyesight of preschoolers, the direction of prevention and treatment should be determined.