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袁世凯任山东巡抚之际,正是德国殖民者在山东大肆扩张之时。为限制德国的殖民侵略,袁世凯在不突破条约框架的前提下进行了一系列理性抗争,有效地缓解了彼此的冲突,较好地维护了民族利益。然而,由于中德条约本身就是不平等的,所以袁世凯在条约体系内的抗争必然带有很大的妥协性。
When Yuan Shikai was governor of Shandong, it was exactly when the German colonists expanded their market in Shandong. In order to limit Germany’s colonial aggression, Yuan Shikai conducted a series of rational protests without breaking the treaty framework, effectively alleviating each other’s conflicts and better safeguarding national interests. However, since the Sino-German treaty itself is unequal, Yuan Shikai’s struggle in the treaty system must bring with it great compromise.